Yum China Holdings, Inc. (YUMC) Q4 2022 Earnings Call Transcript

Yum China Holdings, Inc. (NYSE:YUMC) Q4 2022 Earnings Conference Call February 7, 2023 7:00 PM ET

Company Participants

Michelle Shen – Director, Investor Relations

Joey Wat – Chief Executive Officer

Andy Yeung – Chief Financial Officer

Conference Call Participants

Brian Bittner – Oppenheimer & Company

Chen Luo – Bank of America

Wei Xiaopo – Citi

Michelle Cheng – Goldman Sachs

Anne Ling – Jefferies

Lillian Lou – Morgan Stanley

Lin Sijie – CICC

Ethan Wang – CLSA

Operator

Thank you all for standing by and welcome to the Yum China Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2022 Earnings Conference Call. All participants are in a listen-only mode. There will be a presentation followed by a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions]

I’d now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker, Ms. Michelle Shen, IR, Director. Please go ahead.

Michelle Shen

Thank you, Zari. Hello everyone. Thank you for joining Yum China’s fourth quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. On today’s call are our CEO, Ms. Joey Wat; and our CFO, Mr. Andy Yeung.

Before we get started, I’d like to remind you that our earnings call and investor materials contain forward-looking statements, which are subject to future events and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from these statements — from these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements should be considered in conjunction with the cautionary statement in our earnings release and the risk factors included in our filings with the SEC.

This call also includes certain non-GAAP financial measures. You should carefully consider the comparable GAAP measures. Reconciliation of non-GAAP and GAAP measures is included in our earnings release.

Today’s call includes three sections. Joey will talk about our journey in the past three years and discuss fourth quarter performance. Andy will then cover the financial performance and outlook in greater detail. Finally, we will open the call to questions. You can find the webcast of this call and a PowerPoint presentation, which contains operational and financial highlights on our IR website.

Finally, we plan to host our 2023 Investor Day in Shanghai through September. We look forward to sharing more details about this event with you in due course.

Now, I would like to turn the call over to Ms. Joey Wat, CEO of Yum China. Joey?

Joey Wat

Thank you, Michelle. I want to wish everyone joining us today a happy and healthy Chinse New Year. Before looking at the fourth quarter and full year, I would like to reflect upon our journey these past three years with COVID, some of our key learnings and how we have grown.

First, I’m incredibly grateful to the entire Yum China team for their agility, creativity, and tenacity during this difficult time. Together, we became a more resilient, nimble business, better positioned for long-term growth.

During the past three years, we quickly pivoted when buying traffic came after pressure. Delivery doubled from just 20% sales mix in 2019 to 39% in 2022. Our hybrid delivery model and dedicated riders enable us to capture the increase in demand. Combined with takeaway, off-premise sales reached almost two-thirds in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Digital ordering also rocketed from 55% of sales in 2019 to now 89%. That’s over $20 billion in digital sales in three years. We maintained our rapid growth. Our store portfolio expanded by nearly 40%, a total of 3,800 net new stores. KFC and Pizza Hut stores maintained a healthy payback of two to three years, respectively.

The first year profitability of new stores also improved. Strong new store performance was driven by our flexible store model. We optimized store size and secured more favorable lease terms. For new stores opened in 2022, more than half were in smaller formats. Such flexibility allow us to continue to increase density in higher-tier cities, which is particularly useful and helpful for delivery and capture white space in lower-tier cities.

We enhanced the coverage and agility of our world-class supply chain to support business growth. We expand from 29 to 33 logistics centers for better self-sufficiency in each province. During expanded lockdowns, we add rail and sea freight to move our inventory apart from our traditional trucks.

Our store inventory visibility system allows real-time sales forecasting and smart inventory replenishment. These capabilities help mitigate severe disruption even during a lockdown and minimize wastage. [Technical Difficulty] also supported product innovation by securing supply at scale. Apart from our classic offerings, we launched over 500 new or upgraded menu items last year from regional offers to national launches. We invest in digital and automation to improve operating transparency and efficiency.

For example, we are rolling out smart order system, [Foreign Language] at KFC. The AI-powered system more accurately predict demand and recommend food preparation plan to minimize stock outs and wastage, and also reduce waiting time for customers. It also enhances customer experience by reducing wait time and providing real-time order update. And recently, we added a robotic service at one-third of our Pizza Hut restaurants, [Foreign Language] freeing our crews to serve customers.

We remain profitable each and every quarter since the beginning of the pandemic in 2020. By rebasing cost structure and implementing austerity measures, we cushion shocks created by the volatile market situation. In the past three years, we were able to generate US$1.9 billion in free cash flow and returned over US$1 billion to shareholders. Notably, I’m proud to say we did this while also protecting the jobs of our employees. We have had no staff layoff since the pandemic began.

Looking back over this period, we see opportunities to improve our ability to operate in good times and bad times. Looking forward, our anti-fragile operations will enable us to shine and drive long-term growth in China.

Now let me provide some highlights for the fourth quarter and full year. 2022 was built with unprecedented challenges. In just 12 months, we managed sporadic COVID outbreaks, entire city lockdowns, nationwide infection and the certain lifting of COVID-related restrictions.

In October and November, COVID infection quickly evolved into major regional outbreaks, leading to tightened COVID-related measures. In December, as China entered a new phase of COVID response, we face brand new challenges. With surging infection rates, a significant portion of our employees and riders became infected, resulting in a labor shortage. Thousands of our stores were temporarily closed or only provided limited services. Many residents also opt to stay home to avoid infection or recover from symptoms. Buying traffic fell sharply.

During this time, as always, the health and safety of our employees and customers remain our top priority. We moved quickly and support our employees with the relief medicines and antigen test kits. We mandate daily testing for all crews and riders to minimize infections, and we organize informative health talk and a consultation hotline for our employees.

At the same time, we took immediate steps to address the labor shortage. We simplified the menu, shortened operating hours and optimized labor shifts. We reallocated crew resources among stores, prioritizing stores with stronger demand, and we adjusted delivery operations, encourage customers to pick up orders and promote packaged food products.

I’m thankful for our team’s nimble actions and amazing execution. Even in this challenging quarter, we delivered substantial year-over-year restaurant margin expansion despite lower sales. This was achieved by our extensive scenario planning, operational efficiency improvement, cost rebasing initiatives and temporary relief. We were also able to open a record 538 net new stores in the fourth quarter or 1,159 net new stores in the full year.

Let’s move on to the brand. By brand, KFC and Pizza Hut continue to introduce delicious food and exciting campaigns to delight our customers. At KFC, new categories grew with solid momentum. Juicy whole chicken, [Foreign Language] and beef burger, [Foreign Language], doubled in sales in 2022. Combined, we generate around 5% of KFC sales mix in the fourth quarter, nearly equal to our Original Recipe chicken.

We continued to introduce more flavors in these categories, such as the Spicy Whole Chicken, [Foreign Language], launched during Chinese New Year. Following the success of Pokemon Psyduck in quarter two, [Foreign Language], our toys in the fourth quarter also generated huge social buzz. These include Fancy Chicken, [Foreign Language], and Fluffy Chicken Popcorn, [Foreign Language] both were originally designed as pet toys or toys for your pet, but quickly became very popular with all customers and drove traffic.

At Pizza Hut, pizza sales grew nicely for the year, reaching almost 40% of sales. We sold over 100 million pizzas in 2022, that’s nearly seven pizzas per second. Apart from our signature pan-tossed and crispy pizzas, we have added stuffed-crust pizzas. Customers can choose fillings like double cheese, sausage and meat floss, Rousong. These new launches encourage the trade up and lift effective price.

We continue to offer stunning value for money. Our signature value campaign at KFC, Crazy Thursday, [Foreign Language], attract excellent traffic, generating over 50% more sales on Thursdays compared with other weekdays. Sunday, Buy More Save More [Foreign Language] continues to spur weekend sales. Customers love the option to make the math and the sizable discount.

At Pizza Hut, we brought back the wildly popular two pizza for CNY 59 promotion in November. The amazing value drove great traffic and sales uplift. New retail packaged foods provide us flexibility during lockdown and when we were short of staff. In 2022, packaged food sales grew 90% and reached nearly CNY 900 million. We continue to broaden our offerings, adding some of the classics such as our egg tart and Popcorn Chicken [Foreign Language]

Now moving on to our emerging brands. We have solid management teams and strategies in place. While it will take time to fine-tune and test the business model, we are making solid — Lavazza continues to execute its four-pillar strategy, which includes brand building, menu innovation, digital and delivery, and store development. Throughout the year, we introduced new coffers flavors such as orange buffalo latte with buffalo milk, [Foreign Language]. We also introduced sweet and savory food that would pair well with coffee, such as Cube Cornetto, which is a fluffy, [Foreign Language].

Loyalty members more than double to 1 million in 2022, continue — contributing to over 40% of sales. We enhanced operational efficiency and optimize new store designs, lowering upfront investment. Although COVID disruptions have delayed store openings, Lavazza reached 85 stores by the end of quarter four.

Taco Bell doubled its store count in 2022 to 91 stores. We continue to localize the menu for Chinese customers. For example, a crispy one-time taco, [Foreign Language], use duck and a one-time wrapper in place of a tortilla. Why not? We also continue to improve the value proposition, customer experience and unit economics. Little Sheep and Huang Ji Huang were expectedly impact by COVID due to their dine-in focus. We used 2022 to refine their business models and strengthen fundamentals from menu, marketing, store models, supply chain to digital initiatives. Huang Ji Huang also continued to generate operating profit.

To wrap up, with a new chapter opening in 2023, we are excited to see positive momentum in the Chinese New Year season. We took decisive action to ensure operational efficiency and capture sales.

At KFC, we broadband our signature Golden Bucket, [Foreign Language], which is a holiday favorite. At Pizza Hut, we introduced a holiday-themed pizza with wagyu beef and seafood. It’s called [Foreign Language], which is inspired by a popular game. It’s gratifying to see how our delicious food play an important part in our customers’ celebration during the holiday.

Yet COVID remains a reality, and many challenges still lay ahead, including cautious consumer spending through the holiday. While we anticipate the road to recovery will be gradual and uneven, I’m optimistic that brighter days are ahead. We will continue to execute our proven RGM strategy, which stand for resiliency, growth, and strategic mode, to capture the growth opportunity and deliver shareholder value.

With that, I will turn the call over to Andy. Andy?

Andy Yeung

Thank you, Joey and belated Happy Chinese New Year to everyone. Let me share with you our fourth quarter performance. As Joey mentioned, we faced an extremely fluid and challenging fourth quarter as there were substantial changes in COVID conditions and related policies.

In late November, due to rising infections and strict COVID-related health measures, the number of stores that were either temporarily closed or offer only takeaway and delivery services, reached a peak of over 4,300 stores.

In December, we faced a different situation where most of the COVID measures were lifted. Due to labor shortage, we had to temporarily close or provide limited services at over 1,300 stores on average.

In such a vital environment, we took quickly action to capture off-premise demand. Furthermore, we controlled costs, limited wastage, and enhanced product despite lower sales. Our team did a wonderful job improving restaurant margins by almost three percentage points despite very difficult circumstances.

Let us now go through the financials. Unless noted otherwise, all percentage changes are before the effect of foreign exchange. Foreign exchange had a negative impact of approximately 11% in the quarter.

Fourth quarter total revenue declined 9% year-over-year in reported currency to $2.1 billion. In constant currency, total revenues grew 2%. The contribution of new units and the consolidation of Hangzhou KFC were partially offset by same-store sales decline and temporary store closures.

System sales and same-store sales both declined 4% year-over-year. By brand, KFC same-store sales were 97% of the prior year’s level, with same-store traffic at 84%. Ticket average grew 16% due to the rise in delivery mix, which has a higher ticket average than dine-in.

Pizza Hut same-store sales were 92% of prior year level. Same-store traffic was at 98%. Ticket average was at 95%, driven by lower ticket average of delivery orders and smaller party sites due to the pandemic.

Restaurant margin was 10.4%, 290 basis points higher than the prior year. The year-over-year increase was mainly driven by labor productivity, operational efficiency and temporary relief. These were partially offset by the sales leveraging impact, which includes temporary store closures, as well as higher rider costs due to high delivery volume.

We also faced inflationary headwinds in commodity and labor costs. Our team worked hard to protect margins during the fourth quarter, which is seasonally slow in terms of sales and profits.

Let me go through the key items and highlight the actions we took. Cost of sales was 31.9%, 60 basis points lower than prior year. We kept commodity inflation relatively modest by strategically locking in prices and innovating the menu. We also carefully planned promotional activities and reduced wastage.

Cost of labor was 28.8%, 90 basis points higher than prior year. This was mainly due to increased rider cost from higher delivery sales mix, low single-digit wage inflation and sales leveraging. This was partially offset by better labor productivities and temporary relief of $14 million.

Occupancy and other was 28.9%, 220 basis points lower than prior year despite sales deleveraging. This was mainly due to lower rental expense and other cost-saving initiatives. Rental expense, as a percentage of sales, benefited from rental relief of $12 million, strong portfolio optimization and more favorable lease terms.

G&A expenses increased 2% year-over-year, mainly due to increased compensations and benefit expenses, as well as the consolidation of Hangzhou KFC. The increase was partially offset by cost control initiatives.

Operating profit was $41 million compared to $633 million in year period. In the fourth quarter of 2021, we recorded a non-cash gain of $618 million from the remeasurement of our previously held equity interest in Hangzhou KFC. By excluding the remeasurement gain, adjusted operating profit increased 189% year-over-year from $60 million to $40 million.

The net contribution from Hangzhou KFC’s consolidation was 12% of operating profits in the quarter. We included the last quarter of amortization of intangible assets acquired, which was roughly $15 million.

Effective tax rate was 29.9%, 480 basis points higher than prior year, due to lower pre-tax income and Hangzhou KFC consolidation. Prior to consolidations, the equity income from JVs was not subject to tax, resulting in a lower tax rate.

Net income was $53 million. Adjusted net income was $52 million. Excluding the $4 million mark-to-market net gain on our equity investment in Meituan in the quarter and the $9 million net loss in the prior year period, adjusted net income grew 154%.

Due to the diluted EPS and adjusted EPS were at $0.13, the mark-to-market gain in Meituan increased value EPS by $0.01.

In December, we acquired an additional 20% stake in Suzhou KFC JV for approximately $115 million. This increased our total ownership in the JV from 72% to 92%. For the full year 2022, we generated free cash flow of $734 million. We returned roughly $668 million to shareholders in cash dividends and share repurchases.

Cash, cash and short-term investments was $3.2 billion, down from $4 billion in the third quarter. The reduction in cash and short-term investments was mainly due to the reclassification of around $600 million from short-term investments to long-term time deposits. We invested in long-term bank deposits to benefit from better interest rates.

Let’s now turn to our outlook for 2023. In January, most of the temporary closed stores resumed normal services. Our same-store sales from the comparable Chinese New Year holiday season were up mid single-digits year-over-year, but remained below the compared level. Same-store sales benefited from pent-up demand as the relaxation of COVID policy coincided with the Chinese New Year holiday. However, the real test will be the sales trajectory after the holiday, as we face more cautious customer spending and macroeconomic uncertainties.

Looking ahead, we are encouraged by the new COVID policy. The future indeed looks bright. But we must keep a level head and recognize that uncertainties and challenges still lie ahead. Our country has shown that further outbreaks in the emergence of new COVID variants will pass after COVID restrictions are lifted. We also face macroeconomic headwinds such as elevated commodity and wage inflation as well as softening global economic conditions. These factors may impact our operations and consumer spending in China.

Now at the risk of sounding like a broken record, we continue to expect recovery to take time and be non-linear and uneven. For 2023, our top priority is to drive steps. At the same time, we will remain agile. One of the lessons we learned in the recent years is the importance of planning and preparing for a wide range of scenario, both to capitalize on growth opportunities and to mitigate risks when needed.

On store development, we are targeting to open 1,100 to 1,300 new stores. We expect capital expenditure of $700 million to $900 million to support organic growth remodeling, digital, supply chain and other infrastructure development. As always, the quality of growth is what matters to us the most, not just the quantity. So we will continue our systematic and disciplined approach to investment and growth.

Finally, we remain committed to returning capital to shareholders. The Board has approved to raise the cash dividend from $0.12 per share to $0.13 per share. This is supported by our healthy balance sheet and strong cash flow.

With that, I will pass you back to Michelle to start the Q&A. Michelle?

Michelle Shen

Thanks, Andy. We’ll now open the call for questions. In order to give more people to chance to ask questions, please limit your questions to one at a time. Sari, please start the Q&A.

Question-and-Answer Session

Operator

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from Brian Bittner from Oppenheimer & Company. Please go ahead.

Brian Bittner

Thank you. Good morning to you. My question is on the new stores that you’ve built since COVID began. You’ve built a significant amount of new stores over the last three years, over 3,700 of these new stores. And I know the payback on these stores are still very strong despite operating in a pandemic, which is incredibly impressive. But Andy, can you talk about where the sales productivity and the margins on this class of stores that have been built since COVID where it currently stands relative to the rest of the asset base, so we can kind of understand how to think about the model moving forward?

Andy Yeung

Thank you, Brian. If we look at our store opening for the past three years, as Joey has mentioned, we have been opening almost – increased our store count by almost 40%, right? And – but nevertheless, I think if you look at the new store performance, the payback period were very consistent, very good. For KFC, it’s about three years for – sorry, for KFC, it’s about two years and for Pizza Hut, it’s about two to three years. And Pizza Hut is – the reason why it’s two to three years, because if you go a satellite or model, which is the new model that we have, the performance on par with KFC, which is about two years.

And then obviously, there’s more standard models, their payback period is a little bit longer. And if you look at overall for this year and last year, the new store that we opened, their unit economics continue to perform very well. If we look at the store that opened recently, they’re – the breakeven – most of them are breakeven within three months of time even with this very challenging environment.

So if you look at our new store portfolio, the difference with the existing store is that over the past couple of years, we did increase penetration in lower KFCs, where is the white space. And then we also increase density in the urban area, especially with smaller model, satellite model or KFC smaller model. We need to cater to consumers’ demand for convenience and delivery and takeaway services.

The new store January are smaller. So the throughput, the sales throughput, generally, are less than their existing portfolio, roughly about two-third of the sales competitive portfolio average. Now the probability of those new stores are better. As we mentioned, we have lower step-up investment for the small store. If you look at it properly, we probably spent about $2.5 million for our new store opening.

And then now like we are spending on average about RMB 2 million and then for the small model, it’s close to RMB 1.5 million. And so – and then also, we have obviously improved the efficiencies throughout this pandemic. As you look at the restaurant margin, for example, last year – in 2022, despite the fair market environment throughout the year and sales leveraging, we managed to improve restaurant margins, especially at KFC. So — so I think we’re pretty confident that we have the right format and resources to grow our store network at a healthy pace and also maintain a very robust payback for our investment.

Joey Wat

Brian, I’ll just to add some color to your question. The theme here of the aggressive new store openings is resiliency because while we emphasize how many stores we have opened in the last three years, how many — 3,700 net new store, but actually 4,800 growth new — growth store. At the same time, what we did not talk about but also important how many stores we have retired.

So when we open the more productive new store, we, at the same time, retire the less productive assets. And thus, the quality of our assets for Yum China has improved in the last three years. So just have a bit of highlight here. For the new store we open right now, we are talking about 90% of the stores have — the new store have flexible rent, which make us more resilient. And we talk about lower CapEx even more, if you think about our CapEx, roughly 40-60. 40% is equipment, which we can move around; 60% in some cost. So the reduction of the CapEx in terms of some cost is even more than just the total reduction of the CapEx.

And the size is smaller. So the productivity of the new store is better actually. And the location of the stores matter, too, because they’re both in higher tier city and lower tier city, it’s about 40-60 spread, too. So for lower-tier city, 60% new stores are — they’re very, very effective in entering new cities.

For KFC, 2022, we actually entered 200 new cities. And these are white space. And you can imagine, it’s a pretty good market to grow. For higher-tier cities, our focus is on filling the gap or the distance between the stores to increase the density of our store in high-tier city, which is incredibly important if you think about our focus on our delivery business. So I hope that gives you some flavor about the new stores in terms of the quality and in terms of the resiliency for that business. Thank you.

Brian Bittner

Thank you so much.

Operator

Thank you. Your next question comes from Chen Luo from Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Chen Luo

Thank you, Joey and Andy. Happy Chinese New Year. So before I raise my question, I’d like to highlight three things, if I may. First, out of the 12 quarters during the pandemic period, for five quarters, we actually reported restaurant margins better than the pre-pandemic level. And despite the fact that for the four quarters, we have seen stores like mid- to high single-digit same-store sales decline versus 2019. Whereas for Q3 last year, we actually saw more than 10% same-store sales decline over the same period in 2019.

Apart from the one-time cost relief, we have significantly rebased our cost structure and innovative store formats, as Joey and Andy just elaborated on. And meanwhile, we also consolidate Hangzhou and Suzhou KFC in the past three years. Supposedly, this portion of business carries higher margins than the group average. So I think the market, in general, would expect pretty meaningful margin — expect recovery of expansion going forward when sales start to recover.

And for point number two, I also noted that our priority this year is to drive sales. But meanwhile, the market generally believes that the company is very good at balancing top line and margins.

And point number three, just now, we also highlight that we will be planning for multiple scenarios in a very fluid situation. So after highlighting all these three points, now let’s come to my question. Sorry if it’s a bit long.

So I understand the situation is very fluid, but let’s assume that for 2023, our macro environment is kind of okay so that the momentum could be similar to that of second half of 2020 and first half of 2021, so that we might see some pretty okay same-store recovery, but may not be fully back to the 2019 level. And under that scenario, is it fair to say that we can actually bring our restaurant margin to a level largely similar to 2019 or even a bit higher than that. So that’s my question. Thank you.

Andy Yeung

Hi, Chen Luo. Thank you for the summary and also a summary takeaway and also know the question about restaurant market potential. As we have always said, like, when there’s same-store sales decline, generally, that will put pressure on restaurant margins, overall margins. But when there is recovery on sales, we also expect some optional leverage, too.

Now, obviously, as you mentioned, we are quite encouraged by the relaxation of the COVID policy, I think, which will give us a little bit more certainty, a little bit more certainty about the business environment and our operations and then also the Chinese New Year trading period.

So, in general, I think we are cautiously optimistic. The reason we mentioned a couple in terms of the market conditions and also the COVID still being a reality is really, the reality is that we need to keep a level head.

I think, if you look at the operational improvement, labor portal improvement, and then some of this margin improvement, as we mentioned before, which we expect most of them or some of them would continue.

As we have mentioned, we did a lot of work to be based in our cost structure over the past few years. And so, if you think about some of our labor structure, our restaurant management versus crew, custom versus all that, and then also, if you think about, as we mentioned, the rental expenses, where we also got some favorable lease term, et cetera, I think those will carry forward.

Now, obviously, over the past couple of years, because the COVID situation and the fourth quarter this year, too, right? So in the fourth quarter alone, we received about $26 million of rental relief and other type of relief. And then, for the full year, we received about $86 million in total. So those are likely to go away. As you mentioned, if things become more normalized, and so that would also have an impact.

The other one is that we’re looking in the commodity prices and labor inflation. I think, obviously, for the past year, because of the COVID and also the overall economic condition, that have been lately modern in China in 2022. Cost of sales, smaller price inflation was about low single-digits and same for our labor cost inflation.

Now, we feel — if you look at the — small prices, for example, for chicken prices have been rising since the second half last year. And so we do expect probably low single-digit price inflation next year, at least in the first half this year, in 2023.

And then we also expect cost of labor inflation to return to more normal pace. As we mentioned, low single-digit is not the normal. Mid to high single-digit is the norm. So, we expect that to gradually return to a more normal pace of inflationary pressure there. So, that’s how we generally look at the sort of like the margins and the cost environment as we move in 2023. And thank you.

Joey Wat

Let me add some color here. The way that the management think about all these core costs and margins is as follows. If you look at our numbers historically, cost of sales and cost of labor, going forward, even in 2023, I think for your modeling purpose, we can expect cost of sales, of course, of labor. We — our management team will try to keep it relatively stable if we could because we have to manage inflation for cost of sales.

But at the same time, it won’t be too low either. For 2022, it’s about 38%. If you go all the way back to 2016, when we start — get listed, it’s also about 29%, 30%. But the big delta is Pizza Hut. Actually, Pizza Hut, at that time — right now, Pizza Hut is on 31.5%. At that time, Pizza Hut was only 26%. And that was a proper because when the cost of sales too low means the value for money is not good enough for customers, and that’s very dangerous. So, our goal is to keep it relatively stable.

Cost of labor, the fact is it just keeps increasing. And our job is to manage it at a reasonable level. But we have to pay our staff at a competitive price — competitive wages. Otherwise, we won’t get good staff.

The area that, over the years, which we have improved quite a bit, I would say, is occupancy and other operating expenses such as rents and, A&P depreciation, amortization, et cetera, et cetera. So, 2022 is 28.6% and 2016 is 34.2%, a massive 5.6% delta.

Now, that shows management team’s consistency and focus on reducing the rent, which is always the right thing to do, I would like to believe, and also depreciation, which is from reduced CapEx. So, that has been our focus. But when we — and that’s true for both KFC and Pizza Hut, by the way, 5% to 6% improvement for both brands over these many years.

However, one thing I would like to emphasize again and again, when we save all this money, we don’t just — that is flow through to the margin. We always, always, always pass on some savings back to the customer. That’s the way that we build long-term business. So I hope that helps you to think about management focus for the margin and various key costs items…

Chen Luo

Yes. Yes. Thank you. Thank you. That’s very helpful. By the way, your [indiscernible] toy is really cute. And also, I’m very amazed by the newly launched [indiscernible] type of products. So I’m looking forward to have a thought on that, yes?

Joey Wat

You must close the bar.

Chen Luo

Yes. Okay. Yes.

Operator

Thank you. Your next question comes from Wei Xiaopo from Citi. Please go ahead.

Wei Xiaopo

Good morning. Hi, Joey, Andy. Happy New Year, [Foreign Language]. I have a long-term question. We had appreciated the great rundown of Joey’s opening remarks, showing us the journey over the past three years, how you build your identity and also keep the growth in the long-term target.

So my question is, in the past three years, your agility is very visible, which will protect your margin, will capture the digital and delivery. But when China reopens, the market will be more dynamic. I just want to get a sense that whether Joey and team will be more offensive or a little bit aggressive than before in terms of demand activation, because you always do stay ahead of competition. You stay ahead of competition to reserve your cost and protect margin during the bad time. Will you be a little bit offensive in market share gains looking for upon China reopening? Thank you/

Joey Wat

Thank you, Xiaopo. I think I would like to address the narrative that whether in the past three years, whether we have been offensive or defensive. I think we have been very offensive in the last three years, if you consider what we just talked about earlier with the price question. We have expanded the footprint by as much as 40% within three years. So our view is we shall take advantage of the crisis and adversity. And I think we did.

So we — when we look forward from 2023 and beyond, I think we’ll continue our pace, which have been rather aggressive, I would say. But the focus is to — the focus and priority is to drive sales, focus on delicious food, new product, value, exciting campaign, while at the same time, continue our disciplined approach to capture more growth.

As we have been using about the last three years, our biggest constraint actually was on the sales side due to disruptions of the pandemic. So going forward, we will focus even more on driving sales, and then continue the disciplined approach, which includes accelerating store growth, Andy talked about targeting 1,100 to 1,300 net new stores in 2023.

Secondly, optimize the store format, because there’s still a lot to be done. We have done, I think, a pretty decent job with KFC and Pizza Hut. But let’s not forget, in the last three years, the smaller brands actually had more challenging time to test, to try their store format, their sales, the different system piece of store models, and we are certainly looking forward to the — a bit more supportive environment for the smaller brands to grow.

And third, to invest, to strengthen our strategic moat in terms of supply chain, digital, et cetera. So I hope that gives you a sense about our focus. Our focus is still on resiliency, growth and strategic move in our anti-fragile operations, which have improved in the past three years, will continue with strong focus on sales. Thank you.

Andy Yeung

Let me add another point, which is when we look at our store network expansion, I think we have been very disciplined all through — since the spin off, right? And so we’re very consistent about that. Within that very consistent approach, very — and disciplined approach is building a mechanism to accelerate growth, when the unit economics perform well, and decelerate when the unit economics is not performing as well.

As we mentioned before, if you think about us, when times are better and we saw format right and performing really well, the store manager themselves or the market manager themselves will propose more store and then more store will be approved by our model and vice-versa.

And so this is a case example. If you look at Pizza Hut, Pizza Hut before pandemic, it was a rejuvenation program. And you see the store unit economic at that time, new store unit economic at the time was partially constraint. And, therefore, you see limited net new store growth for Pizza Hut. And then with the success of the satellite store model, you see a pretty significant acceleration for the store development there.

And so I think our model and our approach is — while it’s disciplined and systematic, it also reflects very much the current economic conditions and our unit economics, which will accelerate and decelerate according to unit store performance. Thank you, Xiaopo.

Wei Xiaopo

Great. Thanks. Looking forward to meeting both of you very soon physically. Thank you.

Andy Yeung

Absolutely.

Joey Wat

Yeah.

Operator

Thank you. Your next question comes from Michelle Cheng from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Michelle Cheng

Hi, Joey, Andy. Thanks for taking my question. So my question is about the promotion activities and the competition landscape. We know in the past few years, the smaller players have been squeezed out significantly, and this actually benefit our business. So going forward, in the new reopening world, how should we think about the competitive landscape changes?

And also, on the other side, we know the consumption power has been pretty challenging these days. So what is your strategy to drive traffic back leveraging those promotion activities? Thank you.

Joey Wat

Sure. Hi, Michelle. For the competitive landscape, I’m happy to report that I think we have been doing quite all right. I mean, from 2019 to 2022, the overall market in our business has dropped by mid-single-digits. But Yum China, ourselves, we hold up there. So, that means our market share has increased a little bit. So, I think we have done something right.

Going forward, regarding your question of promotion and sales momentum, we always look at the promotion, product, operation all in a holistic view. How to drive sales? Well, the focus of driving sales, we always prioritize traffic and then ticket average, and we want kind of both.

So, how to get both? We will have the — a series of initiatives that form the promotion and sales strategy. We always have fantastic product because it’s really not very healthy just to only focus on promotion without amazing products. So, product comes first.

Therefore, even during the three years, pandemic, every year, we are still able to launch about 500 new products with or without the help of traditional marketing because we have now over 430 million members. We can always market the new products to our members.

And then with the new product, we have really effective promotions. And that’s now becoming more effective over time because we have less promotion campaign, but more effective promotion campaign. And for example, as I mentioned earlier, in the first part of the call, Crazy Thursday, amazing. But it took four years to make — to produce — or to come to amazing Crazy Thursday promotion. And that worked really well for work days.

But for weekend, our business has been quite challenging because reduced selectivity in the last three years. So, for 2022, we pushed [Foreign Language] Buy More Save More for KFC. And then for Pizza Hut, that is like the value promotion for the two pizza for RMB59. So, fewer but more effective promotion that drives sales, but that also protect margin for our shareholders.

Now, you think about — you probably have the hidden question here is about price increase. It is also within our plan, but we do it, hopefully, in a clever way. We expand the range of price. We have lower entry price point product, and we also have some very high-end products to please the customer who will want to treat themselves.

Our favorite example is the wagyu beef burger for KFC, which is always a very interesting idea for traditional KFC lovers. So, with the combination of multiple initiatives, we hopefully can both drive traffic, maintain the margin and also produce the sales for our shareholders. Thank you.

Michelle Cheng

Yes. Thank you Joey and thank you for the comment on the pricing.

Operator

Thank you. Your next question comes from Anne Ling from Jefferies. Please, go ahead.

Anne Ling

Thank you. Hi, Joey. Hi, Andy. A couple of questions here. First now, regarding the company’s exposure, that 5% same-store sales growth — sorry, mid-single-digit same-store sales growth during Chinese New Year. Would you share with us, like, how — is it, like, more or less similar for both KFC and Pizza Hut? And how does it differ in terms of the pace of recovery? What we should be expecting?

And then also, if we take a look at, like, both brands, we have an increase of the delivery business versus year 2019. So how would it change when we have the reopening? Will we see more stabilization on this part? Yes. Thank you.

Joey Wat

Hi, Anne. For the Chinese New Year same-store sales, the mid-single-digit number, KFC did better, slightly better than Pizza Hut, because of the transportation hub stores performed very well. As we mentioned in the earnings release this morning, it’s even better than the government statistics. So that helps a lot.

And in terms of the regional difference. And all regions performed quite well across all regions, and lower tier cities performed better, actually. But I have to mention is, we need to be prudent to look at the number, because this year, Chinese New Year is very early. So the comparison is rather difficult. We shall look at the Chinese New Year number, including January and February. So that will — that picture would be more complete.

And in terms of delivery business, the increase is good between 2019 to 2022, it moved from 20% to 40% for Yum China. However, I would also like to mention that, as the management look at this business, we also look at off-premise business as a whole, because delivery business is still outperformed — still outperformed compared to dine-in. But the question is, where’s the ceiling?

I mean, I would just like to highlight the off-premise sales right now for our business is about two-third, which I mentioned earlier. And that’s incredibly important in our analysis, because it’s about the resiliency of our business. That is something the management team has worked very hard to achieve.

And that’s also the reason why we have done okay in the last three years, because when the off-premise business is as high as two-third, they help protect the business. Think about with our breakeven sales. That’s how we think about it. What’s the breakeven sales for our business? It’s right now, you can work out the number, is — we only need less than 80% of the sales or same-store sales to breakeven, to achieve breakeven.

That means even during the pandemic when a significant portion of our store was shut, we can still achieve breakeven sales, because that sales transfer from dine-in to delivery and off-premise even during the lockdown. So that’s the way that we look at the business, and I hope you would — you guys will also look at the business in this way as well. And that 20% increase, therefore, from 2019 to 2022 is incredibly important.

If I mention one more point is, if you look at our number during quarter four 2022, KFC did better than Pizza Hut. One reason is KFC’s is off-premise business. It’s much higher than Pizza Hut. So protect the downside much better. Thank you, Anne.

Anne Ling

Interesting. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Your next question comes from Lillian Lou from Morgan Stanley. Please, go ahead.

Lillian Lou

Thank you, Joey and Andy, for your explanation of the situation. Just a very quick follow-on question, because that’s exactly what Joey just mentioned, that KFC versus Pizza Hut recovery pace. Given this current still volatile situation and meanwhile, we are seeing an improvement in off-premise traffic.

So like for Jan and Feb and even for 2023, are we seeing — like, is it fair that we can expect the KFC’s momentum in terms of the pickup trend will be stronger than Pizza Hut? And, especially, how this delivery portion may be normalized down a bit versus last year. How does that, kind of, impact our forecast for same-store sales growth?

I believe traffic will offset some downward pressure on ticket size for KFC and obviously situation for Pizza Hut. So, basically, how do we picture these dynamics in the next couple of months and also 2023? Thank you.

Joey Wat

For KFC and Pizza Hut, they are very different business in a way, right? One is clear result, very clear result. And the other one has a very big portion in dine-in and casual dining, which is very, very unique. So they will be different. And we talked quite a lot about the KFC already, so I’m going to focus on Pizza Hut in response to your question, Lillian.

Pizza Hut will start the turnaround back to 2017. And our focus has been, drive the traffic first and then drive the sales. Once we get the sales under control, we move on to make it more profitable, sales first, profit later. I presume you can still remember.

But after we get the product under control, then we work on the store expansion and resiliency. So for this year, 2022, let’s not forget, Pizza Hut opened a lot of stores this year. This is the record opening store year for Pizza Hut. Over 300 stores. That’s — well, at least we are very happy about it. So I hope the shareholders are happy about it, too.

So what is mix for Pizza Hut is, open more stores by increasing the scale. But one very important topic for Pizza Hut going forward is their resiliency. And I think, as I mentioned earlier, in the last question from Anne, right now, KFC’s resilience is slightly better than Pizza Hut. And therefore, our focus on Pizza Hut going forward is more store and better resiliency. How to do better resiliently? The satellite store. Other than all the operational improvement will continue the satellite store. The satellite store is fabulous. I mean, right now, between the satellite store and the other smaller store, we have about 20% of the portfolio, about 600 stores in this category, satellite stores 60. So these are very low investment store, but with very good sales positivity. And the payback is key is for the satellite store.

For total new store for Pizza Hut, this takes us three years. Two-year payback. Well, after 30-some years of Pizza Hut business, this is the best payback store model for Pizza Hut. So you can imagine, we’re going to open more of these. When we open more of the satellite store, a smaller store, you can also imagine the delivery business will also benefit as well. So I think I hope – I hope that you can see our focus for the business is very clear. We know what we are doing, and we do it in our own pace. It’s like running a marathon. At the beginning, it takes some time. But once we are at certain speed, we’ll run it at a certain speed because we can. Thank you.

Lillian Lou

Thank you, Joey.

Operator

Thank you. Your next question comes from Lin Sijie from CICC. Please go ahead.

Lin Sijie

Thank you, Joey and Andy, and congrats for another resilient quarter. So I have one question, which is more about the whole picture. So regarding the recovery of Chinese consumption, we find that, the recent recovery even, after the Chinese New Year, of the shopping more traffic and restaurant sales is really good in some cities, like maybe Chengdu, Chongqing, Changsha, but I’m not sure if it’s common situation nationwide. So since we have extensive layout in most regions and most city tiers, what is our opinion? I wonder will there remain different for recovery among regions and city tiers in the future? Thank you.

Joey Wat

Sijie, thank you. As I mentioned earlier, the Chinese New Year recovery is encouraging. The momentum is good. And we also saw good recovery across the region. And in particular, in some Tier 2 city like Changzhou, or Jinan or Jinhua because Pizza Hut is a tourist destination for domestic traveling. So they benefit from the CNY. And then our lower-tier city also benefit because people have not been able to go home for three years. So we’re happy to see that. But our caution is on post-Chinese New Year trading because while all this happy improvements are happening, we are also cautious that the value for money, the quarter spending is also happening. So, therefore, while we are happy to see the traffic coming back, we still focus a lot on value promotion to get our customers through the door.

Going forward, our focus right now is look at the post-Chinese New Year trading, because particularly when they are concerned about economy and macro situation, the customer spending post-state holiday might be cautious. And that’s not only specific to Chinese. I spent 10 years in UK, and I think that consumer behavior is consistent across all countries or everywhere. It’s just natural human behavior. So, therefore, we have that cautious optimistic preparation towards January and February trading as the holistic trading period itself just January. Thank you, Sijie.

Andy Yeung

Yeah, Sijie. And I just want to add a little bit to Joey’s comments. I think in general, we are very encouraged, obviously, by the new cold coffee and then also the Chinese New Year trading period. And so we are optimistic for the year. I think things are looking brighter. But I think what we’re trying to say is that we do not take sales or grow for granted.

We believe that like steel, there’s going to be uncertainty and change ahead, and we’re going to work hard to drive that sales growth and then be disciplined about our store expansion. And so as the whole thing would say, we plan for the best and prepare for the worst. And so let’s have been in the last couple of years strategy, and we’ll continue that. So quite for different scenario. Thank you, Sijie.

Lin Sijie

Thank you, Joey and Andy.

Operator

Thank you. Your next question comes from Ethan Wang from CLSA. Please go ahead.

Ethan Wang

Thank you. Good morning Joey and Andy. My question is on supply chain, which is very important to our business, both during COVID and post-COVID, but largely ignored by market some time. So we noticed that we have made a very strong inventory due to carbon footprint on Scope 3 that may apply to our supply chain as well. So just wondering, does that mean we make some changes in regard to our supply chain choice, or we may make some investment to our substantial partners to achieve our goal, and how that’s going to affect our business going forward? Thank you.

Andy Yeung

Hi, Ethan, thank you for your questions. In terms of supply chain, I think, obviously, it continues to be a very important advantage for us. And it’s very important to our long-term sustainable growth. And so for supply chain, we will — in the next couple of years, we’ll continue our — as we mentioned in the previous Investor Day, we will step up investments in supply chain and other infrastructure. Obviously, we’ll be expanding our footprint in terms of our store for our supply chain centers and then also including automation, but also investment to reduce carbon footprint, as you mentioned.

Now, obviously, it’s very important for us to work with our supplier base, our supplier base, our supplier partner to what you will recall. I think if you look at the climate change initiative, it’s still relatively new. We are running it. We have plan for it, and we have submitted the — day targeting initiative for our plan. We are committed to achieving net zero emission by 2050. And so that’s a commitment that not only require us internally to make investment and improve our operations, but also work very closely with our supplier.

And then in the future, we will also work very closely with our consumer, too, to make a sustainable environment to require everyone’s involvement. So it’s not that we would necessarily change, but we will work together and all the study and encourage our supplier base to also work toward that goal with us as well. And so that’s how generally we think about our supply chain initiative versus the ESG initiatives, especially climate change.

Joey Wat

Last two points to add is. One is when we talk about investment in supply chain responding to ESG, some people naturally think that, oh, that means margin impact, that means additional investments. I have to emphasize that in Yum China’s philosophy, that means that the investment must have a desired payback. It does not mean that we just justify the additional investment, because it’s the right thing to do. It has to be the right thing to do now in the future, it has to be sustainable for the business as well.

So one example is we invest in little measurement meters in the store to measure the usage of energy. Well, the original — the little cute equipment is very expensive. It does not justify our payback because our overall, if you think about store economics, two years, three years, well, we have to towards that direction. So what did our teams do? We worked with the suppliers of that little cute equipment, get rid of the bells and whistles. So it’s very affordable. And we install them in our stores. And the saving is enough to justify the investment. So the payback is still protected. So that’s one discipline. And we also share whatever we learn with our supplier to help them. So that’s point one.

Point two is supply chain. I’m personally very excited about this area, and my team is very, very passionate about it, too, because there are some really fun and exciting innovations happening in the last few years here. And I can share one with you. During the Shanghai lockdown, during the Shanghai lockdown, we have one warehouse. Well, we have 33 logistic centers to supply the chicken to different province. We have one warehouse to supply the package, the paper bulk, the bags, et cetera, for our stores. But that warehouse, what happened, was in Shanghai. And Shanghai was completely lockdown. And that is the serious business, right? How can we keep our stores open without the packaging paper, the wrapping paper?

Well, our team, which is a brilliant team, when we are faced with such challenges, we came up with even more brilliant solution. That’s when we start to build a logistics site in the most nearby port within a week, and we start to ship this packaging material through sea freight.

One direction went to the north, to Tianjin, and then distribute from Tianjin to cover the entire northern part of China. One went down to Guangzhou, it covers the southern part of China. Well, what happened to the middle part of China there? Well, the railway. The railway can stop everywhere without the problem of lockdown. So some part of these packaging materials get on the train and went to Chengdu and Wuhan, everywhere. And we are okay.

So now you can imagine, in the past, when we opened a logistics center, we look at the trucks, now we look at the trucks, the rail and the sea freight, everything. I love it. I think that’s the way that we shall do our business in the past few years and going forward. It’s fun. Thank you.

Ethan Wang

Great. Very useful.

Operator

Thank you. Your next question comes from Red Sue [ph] from CMBI. Please, go ahead.

Unidentified Analyst

Hi. Hello. Can you hear me?

Joey Wat

Yes.

Unidentified Analyst

Hi. Hello, Joey and Andy. Thank you so much for the details sharing and resiliency at last year. So the question I would like to ask is about your new store target. And I’m just wondering, if you guys think your new target is a bit too conservative, because, obviously, you guys have done really well last year on opening more than 1,100 stores last year with COVID. And without COVID, do you think the numbers could be a bit more higher this year?

And also, since your CapEx spend last year is much lower than your previous expectations, and then perhaps the per store CapEx, it’s much lower now. And also the level of rent is still lower than the pre-COVID level. And why should we take more advantage of that? And also, do you mind breaking down the number of store openings for the smaller brands like Lavazza and Taco Bell as well. Yes. Thank you.

Andy Yeung

Hi, Rob. Thank you for your questions about our new store opening target. So I just want to echo a little bit about our previous comments, which is, for last year, we opened more than 1,800 stores. The more than 1,100 store is the net new store that was increased.

As Joey mentioned, obviously, we’re very disciplined, and our new store performance are very good. So we have been opening new stores quite aggressively, even during the pandemic period. We also aggressively optimize and improve our portfolio of brand and also our store network. And so, that’s why you see the net number is 1,100 plus for last year.

Now this year — and as we have mentioned before, obviously, the target that we set out is 1,100 to 1,300 new stores this year. But I would emphasize that for our company, the quality of growth is more important than the quantity of growth. And when — so we generally do not give like a quantitative, like, big pay or number to our staff and say, hey, this year, you’re going to open x thousands of stores. That’s not the way we do it. We do it in a very disciplined way, right? What we look at is like what’s a reasonable sort of range of new store. And then — but ultimately, how many stores will be open is really depend on the market conditions, right, the unit economics.

As I mentioned, when the store economics, they perform really well, the market is booming, be sure our market manager, they will be promoting store opening and propose more stores for opening. And the unit economic is good, more store will be approved. And so there will be acceleration of matter that build our process. But our process is not based on a person’s or a particular point of view, it is really based on a consistent, disciplined approach that reflects both the market conditions and also the business economics.

So, we feel confident that if things are doing really, really well, I’m sure like we are confident that our store manager and they will make a right decision and we’ll see very healthy, very strong our network expansion.

As we mentioned before, and this year, our focus is on driving sales growth. This is really important because the sales, not only in kind of topline, but also in the margin. The biggest driver for margin is really sales.

And then when we talk about other cost factors. So, the reason will be our focus, and I’m good confident that if we have — you look at the number for the last few years, I think we have to outperform the overall market in terms of the restaurant industry, and we’re confident that we will be able to do it in the long haul.

Joey Wat

Red [ph], I have one point to add. Analytically or from analyst point of view, the CapEx, the rent, the sales, all these are important factors to open stores. But operationally, what is not mentioned enough, the most important factor actually is how many good store managers do we have.

And good store managers take some time to train, two to three years. And for us, we don’t apologize for their focus because even in our culture, we emphasize on our GM number one. Our store managers are the most important people in our organization.

So, in order to ensure quality of growth, as Andy mentioned, we need to put all these things under control, the CapEx, the rent, the operation, the sales. But the most important job for me and my management team is we make sure we have good store managers to run the store. Thank you.

Andy Yeung

In terms of by brand, I think like, obviously, KFC remain the largest brand for small opening and you’ve seen Pizza Hut have accelerated to opening, as Joey mentioned, a record number in probably recent years with a number of years, even before pandemic.

And then you — we are continuing to see very robust expansion for Lavazza, right after now is more than 80, 85 store already growing very rapidly. And you think about it compared to last year as multiple store increase. And then Taco Bell also happen to increase the — expression.

In terms of the Chinese new business, we’ll work right closely with our franchisees. We will like to see the network increase by 2023 for the Chinese business, both which include our ship and module. Thank you.

Joey Wat

Thank you.

Unidentified Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I’ll now hand back to Michelle for closing remarks.

Michelle Shen

Thanks, Sari. Thank you all for joining the call today. We look forward to speaking with you on the next earnings call. If you have further questions, please reach out through the contact information in our earnings release, and all have a great day. Thank you.

Andy Yeung

Thank you, everyone.

Joey Wat

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. That does conclude our conference for today. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.