Credo Technology Group Holding Ltd (NASDAQ:CRDO) Q2 2023 Earnings Conference Call November 30, 2022 5:00 PM ET
Company Participants
Dan O’Neil – Vice President of Corporate Development & Investor Relations
Bill Brennan – President and Chief Executive Officer
Dan Fleming – Chief Financial Officer
Conference Call Participants
Quinn Bolton – Needham & Company
Toshiya Hari – Goldman Sachs
Vivek Arya – Bank of America
Richard Shannon – Craig-Hallum
Vijay Rakesh – Mizuho Securities
Tore Svanberg – Stifel
Lannie Trieu – Cowen
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by and welcome to the Credo Semiconductor Second Quarter Fiscal Year 2023 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later we will conduct a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions]
I will now like to turn the call over to Dan O’Neil. Please go ahead, sir.
Dan O’Neil
Good afternoon. Thank you for joining us today on our earnings call for our fiscal 2023 second quarter. Joining me today from Credo are Bill Brennan, our Chief Executive Officer; and Dan Fleming, our Chief Financial Officer.
I’d like to remind everyone that certain comments made on this call today may include forward-looking statements regarding expected future financial results, strategies and plans, future operations, the markets in which we operate and other areas of discussion. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that are discussed in detail in our documents filed with the SEC. It’s not possible for the company’s management to predict all risks nor can the company assess the impact of all factors on its business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed during this call may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied. The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this call to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in the company’s expectations except as required by law.
Also during this call, we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures, which we consider to be an important measure of the company’s performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are provided in addition to and not as a substitute for or superior to financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A discussion of why we use non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations between our GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures is available in the earnings release we issued today, which can be accessed using the Investor Relations portion of our website.
With that, I’ll now turn the call over to our CEO. Bill?
Bill Brennan
Thank you, Dan. Good afternoon and thank you to everybody for joining the call. During this call, I’ll review Credo’s fiscal Q2 results and share why we remain excited about our future prospects. After I conclude, Dan Fleming, our Chief Financial Officer will provide a detailed review of our financial results and expectations moving forward.
Credo is a pure play high speed connectivity company. We built our first solutions for the ethernet market and are extending into other standards based markets as the need for higher speed connectivity increases exponentially. Today, our product families include integrated circuits or ICs, active electrical cables or AECs and service chiplets. Our intellectual property or IP solutions consist primarily as SerDes licensing. Our connectivity solutions address both electrical and optical applications at port speeds currently ranging from 50 gigabits per second, up to 1.6 terabits per second.
All our product and IP solutions leverage our unique application specific SerDes portfolio, enabling us to deliver optimized, secure and high speed solutions with better power efficiency and cost. This has led to high growth rates with hyperscale customers and the ecosystem of suppliers that provide the infrastructure to these data centers. Credo continues to be one of the fastest growing companies in the semiconductor industry, and I’m pleased to report that we achieved record revenue of $51.4 million in the October quarter, an increase of 94% year-over-year and 11% sequentially.
I’ll now give a brief update on our progress across our various solutions, starting with AECs. For AECs, we continued to deliver strong execution as the pioneer of this product category. In-rack, low speed cable connections have historically been made with passive copper DACs, as single lane speeds increased 100 gigabits per second, DACs become obsolete due to signal integrity and physical size constraints. The industry assumption has been that when DACs are dead, optical cables or AOCs would take their place. Credo saw an opportunity to develop a broad product family of AECs that deliver half the power, half the cost and with 10 times better reliability than AOCs.
We also saw the opportunity to offer compelling functionality that enables our customers to innovate on server rack and switch rack architectures. Industry analysts are now forecasting AECs to grow to a multi-billion dollar market in the next four to five years. We continue to ramp volumes with our first customer as they broaden deployments of the new dual tour architecture enabled by the Credo AEC. We expect the ramp to continue in the calendar ’23 and we’re developing multiple AEC solutions to solve for their future roadmap of higher speed deployments.
I’m happy to report that Credo has completed the stringent qualification with our second hyperscale customer. We expect to begin our revenue ramp near the end of this fiscal year and expect meaningful contribution in fiscal ’24. In addition, we are engaged in developing advanced AEC solutions with this customer for their next generation server rack and switch rack applications, as they move to 100 gig single lane speeds.
We have also further broadened our traction in the market, we’re currently in qualification with a third hyperscale customer for a 400 gig port switch rack application and yet with another hyperscale customer we’re engaged in developing AECs for two future architectural deployments. Although hyperscalers are clearly our primary focus we’ve sold our AECs to dozens of customers, including data centers, 5G carriers, networking OEMs and ODMs, as well as others in the ethernet ecosystem.
Finally, Credo is very proud to have introduced the industry’s first 1.6 terabit per second connectivity solution at OCP, which will be a critical enabler for the 51 terabit per second switch generation. This reinforces Credo as the leader in the AEC market.
Now moving to our optical solutions category, as we do across all our product solutions, Credo focuses on delivering disruptive solutions that are optimized for speed, reach, power and cost. Our optical solutions include DSPs, laser drivers and TIAs found in both optical modules and AOCs, and span the breadth of applications with 50 gigabits and 100 gigabits per second single lane speeds, including 50 gig, 64 gig, 100 gig, 200 gig and 400 gig modules. In the October quarter, we announced several new 100 gig per lane products, including our [DOV] (ph) 800 and 400 optical DSPs with integrated drivers and they’ve been met with great customer enthusiasm.
In addition to engaging the optimal module customer base directly, our go-to-market strategy has grown to include the joint development model or JDM that is focusing on the end customers of our optical module manufacturing partners. These include data center, 5G, PON and fiber channel end customers as a means to have the end customer pull Credo’s through to design wins by specifying our solution. To-date, we’ve been successful with JDM engagements with two hyperscalers and a Tier 1 OEM. We are now actively engaging all data center customers directly and teaming with optical module partners to jointly pursue our end customers.
I’m pleased with our progress as we now have line of sight on new engagements with several data center and 5G customers across a wide range of applications including 200 gig, 400 gig, 800 gig and 50 gig solutions. I’ll note that we see the process from initial win to qualification to volume ramp as taking longer in the current environment than we had anticipated a year ago.
With that, our rent material revenue shifted somewhat, but our opportunity remains the same. We continue to play the role of the structure in the optical market and we will gain share over time given the distinct efficiencies we deliver in the combination of performance, power and cost. Based on our increasing customer traction, we look forward to announcing meaningful customer wins and growth in our optical business.
Regarding our Line Card PHY solutions, Credo has established leadership for ethernet Line Card PHY solutions at 50 gig and 100 gig per lane speeds. This includes MACsec PHYs for high security applications needing encryption, as well as retimer and gearbox solutions. Our customers again include leading hyperscalers and networking OEMs and ODMs. As single lane speeds increased to 100 gig, the demand for Line Card PHYs increases due to the signaling integrity challenges that come with higher speed copper connections. We also see a trend toward greater demand for encryption driving increased demand for MACsec PHYs.
A highlight from the OCP show in October was meta showing the use of our Osprey 800 MACsec PHY in one of their critical deployments. Also in October, we announced our screaming Eagle 100 gig per lane solution, a long reach DSP retimer device with 1.6 terabits per second of bandwidth. This product has received great market reception, due to its combination of performance and power efficiency. We have sampled it to many leading OEMs and ODMs and are already kicking off design engagements. Based on our current market position, product positioning and customer engagements, we expect solid growth and continued share gain in the market.
And finally, I’d like to give an update on our SerDes IP licensing and SerDes Chiplet business. We’ve received very positive feedback from customers on our five nanometer and four nanometer 112 gig IP SerDes announcement and it confirms that Credo solution offers a 40% to 50% power advantage over our competition depending on the reach required in the application. This highlights the Credo has extended what we refer to as our N minus one process advantage, which means to compete with the power efficiency of Credo’s five nanometer and four nanometer solutions, our competitors will need to move to three nanometer.
As every industry seeks to lower its carbon footprint, Credo’s Core SerDes technology is delivering on the need to lower electricity use. We’re also an early leader in the chiplet market and are in production with multiple customers. Notably, Tesla selected Credo certified the N chiplets for their Dojo supercomputer program. Going forward, we’re excited about the prospects for chiplets in light of the UCIE consortium. This Intel led consortium where we’re a contributing member is coalescing to standardize the broad use of chiplets inside servers.
In summary, we remain highly encouraged about Credo’s prospects due to our current solutions and production near and mid-term opportunities we’re deeply engaged in and longer term opportunities in emerging markets. Today, we remain focused on delivering strong accretion in our fiscal ’23 and we continue to expect to achieve at least $200 million in revenue, representing more than 88% growth, compared to fiscal ‘22.
I’ll now turn the call over to our CFO, Dan Fleming, to provide more details on our second quarter and give guidance on Q3.
Dan Fleming
Thank you, Bill, and good afternoon. I will first review our Q2 fiscal ’23 results and then discuss our outlook for Q3 of fiscal ’23. As a reminder, the following financials will be discussed on a non-GAAP basis unless otherwise noted.
I’m pleased to share with you that in Q2, we achieved another quarter of record revenue at $51.4 million, up 11% sequentially and up 94% year-over-year. Sequential growth was driven by strong revenue growth of our products, which also reached a record of $48.1 million for the quarter, up 33% sequentially and up 143% year-over-year. This growth in product revenue was led by a continued wave of AEC adoption. The fundamental driver of our product growth a strong HSBC expansion outlook at the highest speeds remains in place in the face of an uncertain economic and geopolitical landscape.
Our IP business generated $3.3 million of revenue in Q2. IP remains a strategic part of our business, but as a reminder, our IP results may vary from quarter-to-quarter, driven largely by specific deliverables to pre-existing contracts. While the mix of IP and product revenue will vary in any given quarter over time, our revenue mix in Q2 was 6% IP well below our long-term expectation for IP, which is 10% to 15% of revenue as the timing of IP deliverables and therefore IP revenue recognition shifted during the quarter. We continue to expect IP as a percentage of revenue to come in above our long-term expectations for the fiscal year.
Due to the revenue mix between product and IP this quarter, our gross margin came in at 54.9% below our guidance range. However, more importantly, our product gross margin was 52.6% in the quarter, up 80 basis points sequentially and up 4.8 percentage points year-over-year. This product margin expansion is principally due to leverage from our strong product growth.
Total operating expenses in the second quarter were $25 million within our guidance range and up 37% year-over-year, as we scaled the organization for growth. I think it’s important to note that this is considerably below our 94% year-over-year revenue growth. We generally expect that our top line will grow at least twice as fast as our OpEx for the foreseeable future. With this, we expect to continue to deliver considerable leverage in the business.
Our OpEx increase was driven by a 38% year-over-year increase in R&D. As we continue to invest in the resources, to deliver innovative solutions. Our SG&A was up 34% year-over-year, as we continue to build out public company infrastructure. We delivered operating income of $3.4 million in Q2, an improvement of $5.6 million year-over-year, but down 41% sequentially.
Our operating margin was 6.6% in the quarter, an improvement of 15.1 percentage points year-over-year, but down 561 basis points sequentially, due to revenue mix that resulted in lower gross profit.
We delivered net income of $2.4 million in Q2, an increase of $5.7 million year-over-year, and down 55% sequentially. Cash flow from operations in the second quarter was $1.8 million, an increase of $27.7 million year-over-year and an increase of $14 million sequentially.
CapEx was $5.7 million in the quarter, driven by production mask spending. And free cash flow was negative $3.9 million, an increase of $25.7 million year-over-year and an increase of $13.6 million sequentially.
We ended the quarter with cash and equivalents of $240.5 million, a decrease of $3.2 million from the first quarter. This decrease in cash was a result of continued working capital investments to support our top line revenue growth. Our accounts receivable balance decreased to 5.5% sequentially to $51.8 million, while days sales outstanding decreased to 92-days, down from 107-days in Q1. Our Q2 ending inventory was $47.8 million, up $10.8 million, sequentially as we continue our product ramp.
Now turning to our guidance for the third quarter, we currently expect revenue in Q3 fiscal ’23 to be between $54 million and $56 million, up 7% sequentially at the midpoint and 73% year-over-year. We expect Q3 gross margin to be within a range of 59% to 61%. We expect Q3 operating expenses to be between $25 million and $27 million. And finally, we expect Q3 weighted average diluted share count to be approximately 160 shares.
And with that, I will open it up for questions.
Question-and-Answer Session
Operator
Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Quinn Bolton with Needham & Company.
Quinn Bolton
Hey, guys. Congratulations on the strong product results. Bill, I guess, I wanted to start on the AEC business. Several questions, it sounds like you continue to expand your hyperscale relationships, but wondering if you can sort of talk about the growth in the — I think you mentioned a couple of these guys looking at switch applications rather than server applications and was hoping you could expand on that thought? Is this the distributed to segregated switch chassis applications for the third and the fourth hyperscaler, as well as I think you mentioned the switch application for your second hyperscaler?
Bill Brennan
Yes. Let me say that we really have two opportunities for AECs within the switching hierarchy and the server racks as well. So the largest opportunity that we see are server racks and the market forecasters show that, that market in comparison to the disaggregated chassis or what we call switch racks market, it’s probably a five to one. Now in the switching architecture, it’s really a big choice between sticking with what has traditionally been most popular, which is a big chassis filled with switches connected internally over a backplane.
To the segregation, which means pulling those switches out of the chassis and basically stacking them vertically in a rack, those backplane connections become connections between the switches within the rack, 2.5 meters or less. And so we fully expect that over time each data center customer is going to make their own decision about the architecture that they pursue, but it’s good. We’re encouraged with the fact that as switching lane speeds increase to 50 gig and 100 gig that for those customers that are moving or have been using switch racks, compared to chassis that our solution is naturally getting picked up.
Quinn Bolton
Understood. Second question just on the competitive landscape for the NIC to ToR application, I know the first couple of hyperscale you’re working with, I believe you’re using proprietary or non-standard cables? Are you seeing any evidence that those customers are looking to second source those designs? Or do you feel pretty comfortable that Credo remains the sole source of those cables for the foreseeable future, which hopefully would extend that at least a few quarters?
Bill Brennan
So I think that there’s still question that the data center customers generally speaking want multiple sources. So that’s absolutely part of the world that we live in. My feeling is that more and more as the data center customers recognize that they can add functionality to an AEC that they haven’t even been able to think about with racks or optical solutions. The idea of having this fabric become more intelligent, it’s natural that the team that we’ve built, which is a large team of engineers and different functions to be able to entertain specific requests for added functionality to the AEC. So we’re open for business. If the engineers within the data centers that we’re working with have ideas, we’ll entertain those ideas as a way to make their jobs easier, make the innovations better from their end from a server rack or switch rack perspective.
Now competitively, we’ve talked about the competitive moat that we’ve established and the fact that I’ve got the team that’s doing the full system integration. It’s not as if selling a chip to a copper cable manufacturer really opens that door for this kind of innovation. So I think that, yes, we naturally see competitors, we naturally see our customers wanting to secondsource. And I think that we still haven’t seen competitors in the wild in the labs of our customers. We’ve heard about competitors’ attention to enter the market. We’ve seen static demos where they’ll have a cable that’s not hooked up to anything and they will describe what the cable does. And we’ve seen demos with eval boards that are connected to passive copper cables. So these are far from actual qualification at a hyperscaler.
And I think that, I think when we look at the OCP Conference in October, it was a really great measure of our leadership, especially in contrast to the other competitors. I think that anybody that attended the conference could not avoid seeing purple, which is the color of our cables. We were the purple AECs were ubiquitous from end-to-end on the show floor. And to note the progress that we’ve made year-over-year, last year we showed the world’s largest router to-date, a three rack deployment that made up of 350 terabits per second router. This is built with 400 gig ports, each with eight lanes of 56 gig or 50 gig. This year, we showed the clear benefit of going faster from the lane speed and wider with the number of lanes. And so we introduced our 1.6 terabits per second AEC at this show, 16 lanes of 100 gig and we demonstrated that same capacity or that same bandwidth, the 350 terabits per second in a single rack deployment. And so this was one of many, many demonstrations that we gave and it was just clear anybody to show that just physically if you can see it, we’re far ahead of our competition.
Quinn Bolton
Great. Thank you for all that color, Bill.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Toshiya Hari with Goldman Sachs.
Toshiya Hari
Good afternoon. Thanks so much for taking my questions. First one for you Bill, based on the fact that you’re reiterating the full-year guide, you guys are clearly doing really well. But curious if you’ve sensed any change in customer behavior, whether it’d be the large hyperscalers or some of the enterprise OEMs across your business? Have you seen any projects get pushed out or downsized? Or is the adoption of AEC for instance too strategic and too important for your customers to really tweak projects even going into fiscal year ‘24? Thanks.
Bill Brennan
Yes, I think that what we see in our customer base is really two different threads. We have seen a reduction in CapEx and a delay within our Chinese hyperscale customers. There’s no question about that over the past quarter. We’ve seen kind of a shift in the ramp to high volume on the next generation optical. And that’s I think everybody is well aware of the macro situation in China. And these hyperscalers don’t necessarily serve a wide customer base globally.
And so the second part is really the U.S. hyperscalers, and although we’ve heard that there may be a slight bending of the curve. We haven’t heard that anyone is going to decrease spending year-over-year. And these are with the customers that we’re engaged with that we’ve ramped production and we will ramp production with, so it might be a slowing of the growth, but the growth still is very significant.
I will reiterate that for us, it looks a little bit different, because we haven’t reached the point of saturation and so every new product ramp that we see is next generation better than the current generation technology. And so if anything, there’s still a fierce competition amongst data centers to deliver better services to their customer base in order to win market share. And so we see that there is a very, very consistent pull for next generation better than technology to get better productivity, to get better performance. And even an environment like this at a macro level, that becomes critical to be able to differentiate. So we still remain quite bullish on the customers that we’re ramping. We haven’t seen any major shifts.
Toshiya Hari
That’s great. Thank you. And then as my follow-up, on the second customer in your AEC business, you talked about revenue recognition toward the end of this fiscal year and then a meaningful ramp in fiscal year ‘24. I understand you can’t give too specific with these customers, but I was hoping you could compare and contrast the ramp that you’re expecting in fiscal year ’24 with the second customer vis a vis what you’ve experienced so far with the first customer. I think you’ve talked about a potential uplift in pricing just given the complexity. But if you can kind of level set us on your thoughts there into fiscal year ’24 twenty that would be super helpful? Thank you.
Bill Brennan
As a contrast, I think we’ve been relatively pleased with what we’ve been seeing from the second customer in a sense that over a year ago, we engaged with them. We delivered samples — for samples of this unique cable that we’ve built in December of last year. And we’ve now finished a very stringent qualification. And so it’s a full green light on ramping as soon as they’re ready. Their schedule has been really consistent over the past several quarters, and the contrast there is that with our first customer, our solution was enabling a new architecture, but it wasn’t necessarily that the servers were changing. So they had a high volume stream of deployments and what they were trying to do is shift to an architecture that gave them much, much better utilization of floor space and much better utilization of equipment.
But it wasn’t like it was the next generation server, and so we kind of naturally saw the customer kind of dual passing it and trying to cut it over in an orderly fashion. And so it was a little bit delayed, compared to what their first objectives were. So that’s kind of the big contrast is that the second customer, this is a brand new generation. And so there’s extremely small — extremely strong pull to deploy and deploy on time, so that’s something that we’re pretty encouraged about.
Operator
And our next question comes from the line of Vivek Arya with Bank of America.
Vivek Arya
Thanks for taking my question. I actually had two for the first one, Bill you mentioned the engagements for the third and fourth hyperscaler also that seems like a positive. I’m curious, the adoption of AEC seems like a no brainer on surface? What is the main pushback that you get? Is it just a matter of time? Is it the ramp of a certain speed? Is it 400 gig or 800 gig? What do you think drives that sharp inflection upwards with multiple customers?
Bill Brennan
I think there’s really two catalysts to cause people to think about the AEC solution. One catalyst that we’ve seen first is added functionality, and that’s a real differentiation and that’s why you’ve seen our first customer ramp with 25 big lanes, which clearly if you were doing something special, you could get the job done with DACs. Our second customer is a combination of functionality as well as speed. And so as the world goes to 50 gig lanes for a large number of customers that we’re talking to, they don’t want to fight the signal integrity and form factor challenges of staying with the DAC. And so speed is the other catalyst. And so where we see the 50 gig per lane market being, kind of, a crossover generation where some will battle the deployment with that.
Others becomes a very — almost a default decision at this point. Because they see a solution that’s half the power, half the cost, way more reliable, way more rugged than in AOC, and so for short in-rack connections, we don’t really see a big decision making that has to occur. If they’re not going to fight the challenges of DACs, they’re going to use AECs and we’ve seen it across the board.
As we progress towards 100 gig, which is — it’s just a function of time. For sure, there is no DACs and now it becomes just a question about AECs versus AECs, and I think we’ve established that, that game is over. People will choose AECs just because of the huge CapEx and OpEx advantage, right? If you look at the total cost of ownership, it hands down a better idea. And with the fact that you throw the fact that the installers aren’t going to break the cables routing a huge number of them in a very tight space. So it’s a much more rugged design.
Vivek Arya
Got it. And for my follow-up, maybe once you’ve done in your Q2, it seems like IP sales were $5 million to $7 million, kind of, below expectations, but you’re more than made up for it, because of the upside on the product side. I’m curious what is the expectation for this IP in Q3? And do you expect to make up for that $5 million to $7 million shortfalls that you had in Q2, because I think you mentioned something about a shift. So is the Q3 just that the missing part of the IP revenue from Q2 that comes into Q3? Or just how should we look at Q3 and what happened to that missing IP revenue from Q2? Thank you.
Bill Brennan
Yes, thanks. So the important thing to note here is that there is no change in our expectation for IP revenue for the full-year. So in other words, our revenue mix for fiscal year ’23 is exactly what we have expected it to be for the year plus that we’ve been talking. And also bear in mind that for the full-year, we expect IP revenue to be above our long-term target, which is 10% to 15% of the overall revenue mix. But we’ve talked a lot about historically about the quarter-to-quarter variability in revenue when it comes to IP. And this is largely driven by ASC 606 and the way the revenue recognition rules work around license revenue where we recognize the lion’s share of the contract value on most of our contracts at the point of delivery of that IP database.
So the last two quarters, Q4 of fiscal ’22 and Q1 of fiscal ’23 we happen to be on the higher end of revenue contribution from IP, but that of course swings both ways. One of the things that we track critically from a gross margin perspective of course is our product gross margin and that has continued to expand as we’ve increased our product shipment volumes. In fact, it was up 80 basis points the product gross margin. So we’re quite pleased with our margins for the quarter and we’re exactly where we expect to be for the full-year. Hopefully, that helps.
Vivek Arya
Thank you, Bill.
Operator
And our next question comes from the line of Richard Shannon with Craig-Hallum.
Richard Shannon
Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Dan, I guess, I want to follow-up on the topic of product gross margins. If I’m running my numbers right here and if I exclude the product NRE from the calculation, it looks like our product margins were actually down very slightly. Am I calculating this right? And if so, can you help us understand the dynamics that took that down slightly?
Dan Fleming
Yes. I wouldn’t read too much into that. We look at product gross margin a little bit more holistically. And if you look at the elements that come into the other cost of goods sold bucket, that similar to our IP revenue can vary quite a bit quarter-over-quarter. So the way our view is that from an overall product gross margin perspective as our volume continues to increase at this stage, where we are as a company, we should have that a slight uptick in our product gross margin. But you’re right, that excluding NRE in this particular quarter, it did tick down a little bit if you just look at the product margin.
Richard Shannon
Okay. And then as we go forward especially if I think most people are assuming that your AEC mix is going to increase here, we should expect those product gross margins excluding NRE again to grow if very slightly, is that fair?
Dan Fleming
Yes, that’s fair. Our long-term model remains the same, so — and just to reiterate what that is 10% to 15% of our overall revenue mix will be IP, the remainder being product. And from a gross margin perspective, 63% to 65% gross margin in that long-term model. So what is long-term? We really view that as a three-plus-year model. And we’ve stated in the past that this fiscal year we expect the gross margins to expand purely out of increasing scale. There are subsequent factors in FY ’24 and ’25 that will increase the product margin as well.
One notable difference if you kind of read into some of Bill’s comments for the year AEC has been ramping faster than we initially expected. So if you look out a year from now in our FY ’24 that has an implicit margin impact. And with optical taking a little bit longer to ramp than we initially expected again somewhat of an impact in FY ’24. So overall, our corporate gross margin in FY ’24 is probably going to be similar to what it is for the full-year of fiscal ’23.
Richard Shannon
Okay, perfect. Thanks for that detail, Dan. Bill, maybe a big picture question for you. Obviously, Ethernet is your dominant protocol standard you’re supporting and obviously a lot of growth opportunities there. But you’ve talked about USB and PCIexpress in the past and I think you’ve even alluded here recently to cable opportunities, AEC opportunities that exist with one or both of those. Maybe you can just kind of give us a big picture on your thought process on when those technologies and products start contributing more meaningfully to your outlook?
Bill Brennan
For PCIe, our intent is to really enter the market in a big way when the market moves to Gen 6. Of course, we’ll build a product that is compatible with earlier generations and we expect to get traction earlier to get cycles prior to Gen 6. But that’s really what we expect is the point when we’re going to enter the market in a big way. And so we see that being in the ’25, ‘26 timeframe. And it’s really dependent on the schedules, the servers decibels and hopefully things get back on track and the world goes faster. So I’ll say that our view of the overall market opportunity for PCIe and it can be measured from a PCIe retimer within the server and also within the UCI equipment. We view this as a very large market opportunity.
On the USB front, it’s probably the same kind of timeframe that we see the [CIO] (ph) 80 or 80 giga’s per second or two lanes of 40 gig PAM 3. It’s probably the same timeframe that we see that opportunity. Now as it relates to the AEC opportunity, we definitely see opportunity within both segments or both standards and it’s a very natural extension for us to look at that opportunity, the same way that we look at AECs for Ethernet. Now for USB, I’ll tell you that the consumer market will probably not be the one — the company building cables will probably go straight to a reference design model.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Suji Desilva, [Technical Difficulty].
Unidentified Analyst
Hi, Bill. Hi, Dan. So question specifically on the revenue breakout perhaps for Dan. The product engineering services would — I know it’s a smaller part of the revenue, but would growth in that revenue be a lead indicator of activity you have with hyperscalers where you see are those, kind of, indicators as you go from one to two to three or four hyperscalers, would that grow? Is that the way to read that line?
Dan Fleming
I would not read it that way, it’s we’ve — from day one as a company, we’ve been able to capture some NRE dollars from customers as we’ve developed chips and solutions for them. It really speaks to the innovative nature of our solutions. And longer term, we don’t expect that to grow necessarily in absolute dollars. And just like our IP revenue, it can vary quite a bit quarter-over-quarter. So it’s not — I wouldn’t really read it as a lead indicator for anything such as that.
Unidentified Analyst
Okay. Thanks Dan. And then the second question perhaps for Bill. You talked about the TAM for AEC being to $4 billion to $5 billion, I think, I heard the number correct — I heard it correctly. Is that the vast majority of that hyperscaler or is there a meaningful non-hyperscale part that could kick in as you kind of evolve your offering beyond these initial customers?
Bill Brennan
Yes. Just to clarify, I referenced a multi-billion dollar market that the market forecasts are forecasting and it’s really in the four to five year timeframe.
Unidentified Analyst
Four to five year, okay.
Bill Brennan
Yes, I definitely see the hyperscaler market as the market that’s going to drive the near-term growth. But I can say that as the enterprise moves higher speed, there’s going to be an opportunity there. I would say that even markets that are outside of what we consider hyperscalers, I think, there can be significant contribution from a revenue standpoint. We’re already engaged with the first 5G carriers and that’s about the same order of magnitude as hyperscalers. But if we look at the different engagements that we’ve kind of quickly converted into customers, I think collectively, they can look like one of the major hyperscalers in the total size of revenue for us.
So I don’t think there is — in the near-term, I guess, our very, very primary focus is on the hyperscalers to drive the revenue quickly. But we are engaging across the board with many others that again collectively can add significant revenue for us.
Unidentified Analyst
Okay. Thanks Bill.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Vijay Rakesh with Mizuho.
Vijay Rakesh
Yes. Hi, Bill and Dan. Just a quick question on the quarter, I know, the IP came in light, but it looks like you made it up well with the product side. Just wondering where the strength was, was it in cable or optical, if you can give us some color? And was it specific to some customers or markets?
Bill Brennan
So it was a strength in AEC as you would expect. And that has been with our lead customer that we’ve discussed in the past.
Vijay Rakesh
Got it. And then on the JDM side, the joint development program, do you expect that to become a bigger mix of your distribution as you look at the calender ’23 or fiscal ’24, would those have similar margins to your direct sales?
Bill Brennan
Definitely, when we talk about a joint development model, what we’re really referring to is that the hyperscaler would be involved in the selection of the DSP or other components. Typically even under a JDM model, we would be selling to the optical module manufacturer. And so I do expect that this JDM model or if we kind of back up and we say the model where the hyperscaler gets involved in the decision making, I expect that to be more and more popular as we go forward for Credo.
If we kind of look at it from a Credo development perspective in the market, how we’ve been progressing. Really, our view is that, first, we succeeded engaging three JDM customers, where the end customer selected the DSP component from Credo. Now the ramp to high volume looks delayed, due to the first two hyperscalers being in China, but kind of in the second phase here, we’ve gained traction among Tier 1s. We’re talking with all of them directly on high volume deployments. And so we see multiple programs in sight on 200 to 400 the major benefit that we give is a refresh that got a better combination of performance, power and cost. And it’s becoming more important to the hyperscalers and the optical companies running high volumes.
CapEx and OpEx are more and more can focus recently, and so if there’s low hanging fruit, it seems like it makes sense. And I might have mentioned in the last call, but I feel even more confident that we’re going to officially engage with a Tier 1 hyperscaler in the U.S. on a 400 gig optical solution and it will include the DSP with an integrated driver, as well as the TIA. And so that’s more than kind of line of sight. That’s basically a few stages left to entering a contract with them.
And then I would say that kind of the third phase of this is for the next generation or 800 gig, and now that we’ve opened up conversations, about their existing high volume deployments. The same kind of compelling performance power and cost benefit that we offer additive to that will be the fact that we’re on time. Our time to market is good for the 800 gig devices and for the 800 gig market. And so the first testing that’s been done by the customer base has been very well received. So they see very clearly the performance is clearly good enough. The power is clearly good enough and the cost is compelling in a sense, because we’re building in 12 nanometer versus a more advanced process like seven or five.
And so given the fact that we’ve established market credibility through our first three engagements and the engagements that we’re pursuing on existing programs, I expect the wins for 800 gig to come as the market takes off.
Vijay Rakesh
Got it. And just a quick question. I know China is again going back into COVID restrictions and all that. And looks like you have been — you have actually resolved many of your supply constraints, it feels like because it didn’t really come up on the commentary. So can you talk to what you’re doing in terms of might be diversifying your supply chain, I think, talk about Vietnam or Philippines, or what you’re doing there in terms of getting around this whole restriction?
Bill Brennan
So I feel good about where we are today. Even if we face disruptions in China, we’ve signaled that we’re going to build inventory. That’s a surefire way of making sure that we’ve got the product that our customers need as they ramp. We’re going to continue to be in that mode until we can land ourselves in something in a location that’s not dependent on China. We’ve made progress in the last 90-days and my expectation is that will be in production in less than a year in alternative locations for our current supply chain. And I think that, that kind of matches with what the customer base is looking for as well.
Vijay Rakesh
Got it. Great. Thanks a lot.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Tore Svanberg with Stifel.
Tore Svanberg
Yes. Thank you, Bill. Thank you, Dan. Congrats on the record results, I have a non-AEC related question. You talked about the UCIexpress opportunity. And I do recognize that this is kind of further out, but as we think about chiplets and licensing, how should we think about this playing out for you over the next few years?
Bill Brennan
Well, I think that’s we — first of all, we kind of classified chiplets as a product, because we’re building and selling those. And so as it relates to the IP, I think our long-term guidance, kind of, fits in the 10% to 15% range that Dan has articulated. For the UCIe chiplets, we see this — I mean, we were very early on in chiplets. We’re by far ahead of the rest of the competition. Given that we kind of saw this move towards disaggregation early. It didn’t really play out, but now that we see USIe on the horizon, we’re very big believers.
If you look at the consortium that Intel has really driven and you look at what they’re doing today, chiplets are going to be popular in high volume in — I think they are relatively near-term. So as speeds move to 32 gig to 64 gig, this can become more and more popular. And I think that if you look within a server, you can see eight to 16 chiplets per server in the future. And so with that kind of volume, it becomes — you can do the math. It’s going to be a very large revenue opportunity.
Tore Svanberg
That’s very exciting. And then to follow-up on AEC and the sort of the second hyperscalers that’s expected to launch, sounds like you have a lot of confidence in the timing there. I was just hoping you could give us a little bit more background information, I mean, obviously when we think about the hyperscalers cutting CapEx, I’m sure there’s some priority CapEx and some not the priority CapEx? So I mean would this fall into like the really highest end priority for that particular customer? Is that how we should think about it?
Bill Brennan
That’s the way that I think about it. For sure, I view this program as something that is a strategic imperative as they talk about it within the supply chain, as well as within our customer base. So I feel pretty confident that this is going to be mainstream. And although they have been pretty consistent with their schedule, of course, things can happen that might cause a delay. We’re not seeing any signs of that and the closer we get, obviously, the more confidence we have in the ramp. But it’s not as if I can make a firm commitment on exactly when they’re going to go to production. But it feels like no change from our end.
Tore Svanberg
That’s very fair. Last question for Dan. Dan, you said in the last quarter you would build inventory, you did that inventory days now just over 100. based on Bill’s comment about sort of keep building inventory until you feel better about the whole China lockdown situation, how high should we expect inventory days to potentially get to before you feel like you got the situation under control?
Dan Fleming
Well, I don’t expect that the days will increase from where they are right now or if they do it would be a very small increase. We were essentially flat quarter-over-quarter. Even though it looked like a significant increase in inventory, it’s actually kind of in line with our product growth quarter-over-quarter. So bearing that in mind, we’re comfortable with where we are, we continue to build an excess amount of days of inventory, of cable inventory to ensure that we don’t run into in a situation that we had back in Q4, when that COVID lockdown kind of interrupted our fulfillment of demand.
So we’re comfortable with where we are right now and I wouldn’t expect any major deviation from a days of inventory perspective. Longer term, of course, that will settle down to maybe 100 days of inventory, but that’s off in the future.
Tore Svanberg
Okay. Sounds good. Congrats again. Thank you.
Dan Fleming
Thanks.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Matt Ramsay with Cowen.
Lannie Trieu
Hi. This is Lannie on for Matt Ramsay, I wanted to extend my congratulations for the quarter as well. Going back to the optical solutions, could you confirm that the push out was mostly due to your first two customers being Chinese hyperscalers? And is there any line of sight as to how long that program is where you are in terms of the qualification to product volume reps?
Bill Brennan
Yes, I will confirm that the first two hyperscaler customers are Chinese data centers. And during the last quarter, we were told that there is going to be a shift in the timing of the deployment. I haven’t got clarity on specifics on when that’s going to ramp. And when it’s — I mean, from my perspective, it’s really when it goes to high volume. And so we might be doing small volume, but our focus is really on how long is the shift to high volume.
I will say in the efforts that we’re making with the U.S. hyperscalers, we continue to make progress. And if anything, I think, that that’s — we’ve got more clarity on that even though it might be a bit further and I think that’s going to drive higher volume as well.
Lannie Trieu
Understood. That’s helpful. Thank you. And I know in past earnings calls, you’ve mentioned a consumer customer for USB, PCIe, I believe for licensing. Any updates there that we should know about in terms of progress?
Bill Brennan
Yes. We’re hip-deep in executing on that IP license, we were selected by this large consumer company as the partner for this really important next generation USB standard, which is 80 gigabits per bandwidth two lanes of 40 gig and PAM modulation. I think it’s reflective of the fact that our architecture is unique. We delivered lower power than anybody in the industry. So it’s really a great confirmation that they would select us as their partner. And this goes back to even four years ago that they were doing due diligence and we signed the contract finally a little more than a year ago. But yes, we’re hip-deep on execution and we expect to be wrapping up the technical part of the work really within the next six months and then we’ll absolutely be there as they move from their own samples to production.
Lannie Trieu
Got it. Thank you so much.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Quinn Bolton with Needham & Company.
Quinn Bolton
Hi, thanks for taking it. A quick couple of follow-ups first. Dan, could you give us a sense your lead customer, what percent of revenue was in the quarter? I know they’ve been above 10% for the past several quarters? And then a follow-up for Bill, as you look to the PCIe market, wondering if that also includes opportunities is CXLs, since CXL does run on the PCIe electricals? Thanks.
Dan Fleming
Yes. So, Quinn, so what you’ll see in our Q as we file it in a day or two is that we had three 10% customers in the quarter, the largest of which was 44% then there was a 19% and 16% customer. So you can kind of fill in the blanks from there, we don’t disclose the specifics of who those customers are. But in the 44% case, it’s pretty obvious.
Quinn Bolton
Yes, okay. Perfect. Thank you.
Bill Brennan
Yes, to answer your question on PCIe, we definitely include CXL, we kind of talk about that collectively.
Quinn Bolton
Perfect. Okay. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. Mr. Brennan, I’ll turn the call back over to you.
Bill Brennan
I’d like to thank everybody for joining the call. I appreciate all the thoughtful questions and with that, we will end the call. Thank you very much.
Operator
This concludes today’s conference call. You may now disconnect.
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