IYW: Technology Dashboard For July (NYSEARCA:IYW)

This monthly article series shows a dashboard with aggregate industry metrics in technology and communication services. Companies that used to calculate these metrics are the largest holdings of the iShares U.S. Technology ETF (NYSEARCA:IYW). Therefore, this is also a review of IYW.

Shortcut

The next two paragraphs in italic describe the dashboard methodology. They are necessary for new readers to understand the metrics. If you are used to this series or if you are short of time, you can skip them and go to the charts.

Base Metrics

I calculate the median value of five fundamental ratios for each industry: Earnings Yield (“EY”), Sales Yield (“SY”), Free Cash Flow Yield (“FY”), Return on Equity (“ROE”), Gross Margin (“GM”). The reference universe includes large companies in the U.S. stock market. The five base metrics are calculated on trailing 12 months. For all of them, higher is better. EY, SY and FY are medians of the inverse of Price/Earnings, Price/Sales and Price/Free Cash Flow. They are better for statistical studies than price-to-something ratios, which are unusable or non available when the “something” is close to zero or negative (for example, companies with negative earnings). I also look at two momentum metrics for each group: the median monthly return (RetM) and the median annual return (RetY).

I prefer medians to averages because a median splits a set in a good half and a bad half. A capital-weighted average is skewed by extreme values and the largest companies. My metrics are designed for stock-picking rather than index investing.

Value and Quality Scores

I calculate historical baselines for all metrics. They are noted respectively EYh, SYh, FYh, ROEh, GMh, and they are calculated as the averages on a look-back period of 11 years. For example, the value of EYh for hardware in the table below is the 11-year average of the median Earnings Yield in hardware companies.

The Value Score (“VS”) is defined as the average difference in % between the three valuation ratios (EY, SY, FY) and their baselines (EYh, SYh, FYh). The same way, the Quality Score (“QS”) is the average difference between the two quality ratios (ROE, GM) and their baselines (ROEh, GMh).

The scores are in percentage points. VS may be interpreted as the percentage of undervaluation or overvaluation relative to the baseline (positive is good, negative is bad). This interpretation must be taken with caution: the baseline is an arbitrary reference, not a supposed fair value. The formula assumes that the three valuation metrics are of equal importance.

Current data

The next table shows the metrics and scores as of last week’s closing. Columns stand for all the data named and defined above.

	VS	QS	EY	SY	FY	ROE	GM	EYh	SYh	FYh	ROEh	GMh	RetM	RetY
Hardware	60.05	55.83	0.0635	1.4020	0.0600	15.77	39.76	0.0354	0.9143	0.0407	7.28	41.81	0.10%	-7.91%
Comm. Equip.	-21.41	29.31	0.0330	0.1527	0.0318	24.53	63.01	0.0315	0.2808	0.0415	15.34	63.82	10.04%	1.83%
Entertainment	-14.51	-17.07	0.0274	0.5621	0.0285	10.48	47.66	0.0500	0.4390	0.0387	17.31	45.25	7.01%	-22.49%
Electronic Equip.	-34.10	31.65	0.0426	0.4097	0.0201	18.77	41.43	0.0436	0.8256	0.0399	12.85	35.35	7.66%	-3.12%
Software	-22.46	2.55	0.0244	0.1314	0.0261	18.94	83.80	0.0273	0.1767	0.0379	17.57	86.09	5.54%	-37.79%
Telecom	-1.99	11.29	0.0729	0.7192	0.0101	14.77	57.35	0.0494	0.6485	0.0284	11.83	58.68	2.36%	-14.31%
Semiconductors	-1.50	17.56	0.0542	0.2163	0.0338	31.49	62.68	0.0469	0.2506	0.0361	23.44	62.19	9.06%	-8.55%
IT Services	-24.23	8.67	0.0358	0.2177	0.0234	30.07	54.45	0.0389	0.3359	0.0332	25.16	55.64	6.24%	-13.43%

Value And Quality chart

The next chart plots the Value and Quality Scores by industry (higher is better).

Evolution since last month

Value scores have significantly deteriorated in all subsectors, partly due to price action.

Momentum

The next chart plots momentum data.

Interpretation

Hardware is by far the best ranked tech industry regarding both value and quality scores. Telecommunication and semiconductors are close to the historical baseline in value and above it in quality. Other subsectors are overvalued by 14% to 34% relative to the baseline. It may be partly justified by good quality scores for communication equipment and electronic equipment. Entertainment looks the less attractive subsector with both scores significantly below the baseline.

Focus on IYW

The iShares U.S. Technology ETF has been following the Dow Jones U.S. Technology Capped Index since 5/15/2000. It has a total expense ratio of 0.41%, which is significantly higher than other passive index ETFs like VGT (0.10%) and XLK (0.12%). IYW holdings are capital-weighted with a capping methodology: the weight of any single issuer is limited to a maximum of 22.50%, and the aggregate weight of constituents exceeding 4.50% of the index is limited to a maximum of 45%. These conditions are assessed quarterly.

As of writing, the fund holds 154 stocks. The three heaviest companies are Microsoft Corp. (MSFT), Apple Inc. (AAPL) and Alphabet Inc. (GOOG, GOOGL): they weigh between 10% and 19% each and 45.3% together. Other constituents are under 5%. The next table lists the top 10 companies with growth and valuation ratios (these are the top 11 holdings as I have grouped Alphabet’s two stock series). Their aggregate weight is 65.3%.

Ticker	Name	Weight%	EPS growth %TTM	P/E TTM	P/E fwd	Yield%
AAPL	Apple Inc.	19.06	38.05	25.05	25.07	0.60
MSFT	Microsoft Corporation	15.85	30.44	27.16	28.08	0.95
GOOG,GOOGL	Alphabet Inc.	10.45	47.20	19.52	19.69	0
NVDA	NVIDIA Corporation	4.48	76.41	46.48	32.33	0.09
META	Meta Platforms, Inc.	4.18	13.14	12.80	14.96	0
AVGO	Broadcom Inc.	2.54	87.85	25.41	13.82	3.20
ADBE	Adobe Inc.	2.38	-11.30	39.23	29.67	0
CRM	Salesforce, Inc.	2.21	-78.45	177.10	38.36	0
QCOM	QUALCOMM Inc.	2.17	40.02	15.74	12.22	1.95
INTC	Intel Corporation	2.02	35.14	6.52	11.73	3.72

Data calculated with Portfolio123

IYW and XLK are almost on par in annualized return and risk-adjusted performance (Sharpe ratio).

	Total Return	Annual. Return	Drawdown	Sharpe	Volatility
IYW	269.07%	6.07%	-81.82%	0.28	25.08%
XLK	279.59%	6.20%	-79.65%	0.29	22.85%

Data calculated with Portfolio123

In summary, IYW is a good product for investors seeking exposure in technology and communication companies with capped weights. It holds much more stocks than XLK (currently 154 vs. 79), but past performance is almost the same: tail holdings have a low aggregate weight relative to S&P 500 tech companies. Investors willing to keep a position in technology for the long-term may indifferently choose IYW or XLK. Liquidity makes XLK a better choice for short-term trading. For those who want to avoid high exposure to top holdings, the Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight Technology ETF (RYT) is a better choice.

Dashboard List

I use the first table to calculate value and quality scores. It may also be used in a stock-picking process to check how companies stand among their peers. For example, the EY column tells us that a hardware company with an earnings yield above 0.0635 (or price/earnings below 15.75) is in the better half of the industry regarding this metric. A Dashboard List is sent every month to Quantitative Risk & Value subscribers with the most profitable companies standing in the better half among their peers regarding the three valuation metrics at the same time. Below is an excerpt of the list sent to subscribers several weeks ago based on data available at this time.

TDC	Teradata Corporation
KLIC	Kulicke and Soffa Industries, Inc.
ZD	Ziff Davis, Inc.
THRY	Thryv Holdings, Inc.
EXTR	Extreme Networks, Inc.
SWKS	Skyworks Solutions, Inc.
NXPI	NXP Semiconductors N.V.

It is a rotating list with a statistical bias toward excess returns on the long-term, not the result of an analysis of each stock.