Mercury Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ:MRCY) Q4 2022 Earnings Conference Call January 31, 2023 5:00 PM ET
Company Participants
Mark Aslett – President & Chief Executive Officer
Michael Ruppert – Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer
Conference Call Participants
Peter Arment – Baird
Seth Seifman – JPMorgan
Ken Herbert – RBC
Jonathan Ho – William Blair
Sheila Kahyaoglu – Jefferies
Michael Ciarmoli – Truist Securities
Austin Moeller – Canaccord
Noah Poponak – Goldman Sachs
Operator
Good day, everyone and welcome to the Mercury Systems Second Quarter Fiscal 2023 Conference Call. Today’s call is being recorded.
At this time, for opening remarks and introductions, I’d like to turn the call over to the company’s Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Mike Ruppert. Please go ahead, sir.
Michael Ruppert
Good afternoon and thank you for joining us. I hope you had a chance to review the press release we issued earlier this afternoon. If not you can find them on our website at mrcy.com The slide presentation that Mark and I will be referring to is posted on the Investor Relations section of the website under Events and Presentations. With me today is our President and Chief Executive Officer, Mark Aslett. I’m also very pleased to welcome Michelle McCarthy to the call. Serving as Mercury’s Senior Vice President and Chief accounting officer for the past five years, Michelle has been an active and valuable member of our leadership team. I’m looking forward to working closely with Michelle in her new position as Interim Chief Financial Officer to ensure a seamless transition prior to my departure in February.
Turning to Slide 2 in the presentation. I would like to remind you that today’s presentation includes forward-looking statements, including information regarding Mercury’s financial outlook, future plans, objectives, business prospects and anticipated financial performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to future risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results or performance to differ materially. All forward-looking statements should be considered in conjunction with the cautionary statements on Slide 2, in the earnings press release and the risk factors included in Mercury’s SEC filings.
I’d also like to mention that in addition to reporting financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles or GAAP, during our call, we will also discuss several non-GAAP financial measures, specifically adjusted income, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow, organic revenue and acquired revenue. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP metrics is included as an appendix to today’s slide presentation and in the earnings press release.
I’ll now turn the call over to Mercury’s President and Chief Executive Officer, Mark Aslett. Please turn to Slide 3.
Mark Aslett
Thanks, Mike. Good afternoon, everyone and thanks for joining us. Typically, I’d sign up prepared remarks with review about results for the quarter. However, given the other news we’ve announced today, I’ll begin with key takeaways from those announcements. I will then review the business. Mike will cover our financial results and guidance, and then we’ll open it up for questions. The board’s decision to initiate a review of strategic alternatives underscores our commitment to exploring all available avenues to enhance shareholder value. We’ve engaged two leading investment banks to pursue a range of options including a potential sale. During the board’s evaluation, we’ll continue to execute on our strategic plan for growth in value creation.
As you know, we need to let this process play out. And as such, we won’t have further comment on it today. I want to emphasize that there can be no assurance that the transaction will result from the review. We also don’t intend to disclose developments relating to this process unless and until the board has approved a specific agreement or transaction or is terminated its review.
Now, let me say a few words about Mike. As you saw from our announcement, Mike has decided to step down from Mercury to accept an opportunity in a privately held company headquartered in Virginia, where he and his family reside. Mike has been a great partner for the past eight years. He’s made significant contributions to Mercury including helping driver M&A strategy and many acquisitions. Mike on behalf of myself and the entire crew team we wish you all the best in your new role.
We’ve initiated a search for a permanent successor with the assistance of a leading executive search firm. We’re fortunate to have a deep bench of talent on our finance team during this transition period. In addition to Michelle McCarthy’s appointment as Interim CFO, Nelson Erickson, Senior Vice President Strategy and Corporate development will formally assume responsibility for investor relations. Last week, we also announced that Vivek Upadhyaya who has joined mercury as our Vice President of financial planning and analysis, further bolstering our team. Over the coming weeks, Michael worked closely with Michelle Nelson, Vivek and I to ensure a seamless handoff.
With that let’s discuss our second quarter results. Turning to Slide 4. Mercury second quarter revenue was in line with our guidance growing 4% year-over-year. More importantly, we return to organic growth and generated positive cash flow in the quarter. GAAP net loss and loss per share as well as adjusted EBITDA and adjusted earnings per share fell short of guidance. This was primarily due to an unforeseen delay in funding to our customer for a large LTAMDs program.
After this delay, which reduced Q2 revenue and margin by $10 million and $7 million respectively, our results would have been at or above the high end of our Q2 guidance [indiscernible] results in lower Q3 guidance also as an additional $10 million of revenue and $7 million margin moves to fiscal ’24. We are obviously disappointed with the delay in the short term impacts anticipated for this fiscal year. This is large program and the time is outside of our immediate control. That said our customer is confident that their funding issues will ultimately be resolved, allowing us to recognize the entire $20 million in revenue and $14 million margin early in Mercury’s new fiscal year.
Working with the customer, we’ve rotated in other related opportunities that we expect will partially offset the impact of this delay in the second half of fiscal ’23. As we consider the back half and our full fiscal year guidance, we’re shifting our outlook to incorporate this program timing and the prolonged supply chain impacts, resulting in program delays and inefficiencies which are temporarily affecting margins. On the plus side, we believe that revenues currently trending above the midpoint of our fiscal ’23 guidance while net income and adjusted EBITDA are now expected to be towards the low end. We’re in our fourth fiscal year dealing with these impacts.
In addition to program delays and related inefficiencies, we continue to face long semiconductor lead times, tight labor market and inflation. These challenges, however, are not related to end market demand, which remain strong. They’re largely timing related, they’re short term and they’re not unique to Mercury.
We continue to execute on our plan to control what we can in this environment, and we’re optimistic about the future could not turn positioning. Mercury’s bookings for Q2 increased 14% year-over-year, the largest been F-35, F-18 LTAMDs for the classified C2 program. It nearly $60 million the F-35 order for advanced microelectronics capabilities was the largest booking in the company’s history.
Driven by the growth and bookings are booked to build was $1.18 in the quarter and $1.16 over the last 12 months. Backlog grew 17% year-over-year to record $1.12 billion which provisions us well for future growth. Despite the FMS customer funding delay, our Q2 revenue increased 4% year-over-year. Organic revenue turned positive growing 1% versus a 13% decline in Q2 of fiscal ’22.
We expect to return to organic growth for the year as a whole as expected. Our largest revenue programs in the quarter were F-35, F-16 [NDSA trans tracking layer], P8 and [SAD] Q2 GAAP net income was negative and adjusted EBITDA declined year-over-year both with the low guidance primarily due to the FMS customer funding delay, although revenue is trending above our fiscal ’23 guidance midpoint, other financial measures, including adjusted EBITDA are trending towards the low end as I said largely due to program delays and related inefficiencies. We believe these impacts are temporary in nature, we expect margins to increase the supply chain conditions begin to improve and as we realize further benefits from impact and the continued shift in our program mix from development to production. Operating free cash flow for Q2 was positive a substantial improvements sequentially. We expect to deliver breakeven to slightly positive free cash flow for FY ’23, including the impact of the R&D tax legislation.
Turning to Slide 5, the defense appropriations bill was approved after the midterm elections as expected, resulting in substantial spending increases in response to national security threats. That said the House GOP rules package adopted this month and the report a deal between speaker McCarthy and the Freedom focus create risk to government FY ’24 discretionary spending including defense.
And extended budget continuing resolution appears to be the base case scenario for GFY 24, including the potential for a full year CR. However, although risk does exist, we don’t expect Congress to approve a reduction in DoD appropriations. Given the geopolitical challenges we face, there appears to be strong underlying bipartisan support to increase defense spending.
Looking ahead longer term, we believe the defense spending outlook remains positive both domestically and internationally and that Mercury is well positioned to benefit in this environment. The growth in demand for the compute capability onboard military platform shows no sign of slowing. We also stand to benefit from the ongoing push for platform electronification. We believe that we’re well positioned to continue to benefit from long term industry trends include supply chain delivery and assuring as well as increased outsourcing at the subsystem level.
Our adjustable market has increased substantially, largely driven by strategic movement to mission systems and the potential to deliver innovative processing solutions at chip scale. Our model, certainly at the intersection of high tech and defense positions us well.
Turning to Slide 6. The industry environment continues to be challenging in the short term. Despite incremental improvement in the second quarter supply chain constraints continue to affect program timing and efficiency. Locally sophisticated end to end processing platform passes the most critical end missions. High end processing represents about 70% of the business. This is where Mercury likely has the largest opportunity to grow over the next five years. Prior to the pandemic semiconductor process lead times were 10 to 12 weeks. They increased rapidly in the second part of fiscal ’21 and now range from 36 to 72 weeks. Although current lead times on average a slightly shorter than in Q1, we don’t expect to see a significant improvement until the second half of fiscal ’24.
Semiconductor inflationary pressures remain a challenge as well. Semiconductors equates 38% of our direct supplier spend far more than our peers we believe. We’re making good progress in mitigating the impact with highest semiconductor costs. As part of our impact program, we established a centralized procurement organization. This enabled us to improve our purchasing efficiency, while helping us deal with the effects of supply chain disruption. We also established the pricing team reprise standard products and incorporated price adjustment mechanisms in our rates based businesses and multiyear proposals. In addition, we implemented across the board price increase in our microelectronics business. Through the pandemic, we’ve used the strength of our balance sheet to invest in the working capital necessary to mitigate supply chain risk as best we can. As a result, we positioned Mercury to deliver against customer commitments and generate stronger results over time.
Turning to Slide 7. We believe that we’ve entered a multiyear period of accelerating growth and profitability. Demand is improving is evidenced by our strong LTM bookings and record backlog. The next several years could resemble the period post sequestration in 2013 absent a significant budget events and GFY ’24.
So most of the enhancements that we made in our business at that time, through impact was strengthening our fundamentals once again. It also impacted early in fiscal ’22 and it’s evolved substantially since then. We began by streamlining our organizational structure and strengthening the leadership team and continuing to do so. We also focus on margin expansion in this business and we’re now pushing their execution deeper into the business.
With the recent addition of Allen Couture as head of execution excellence and Mitch Stephenson taking over our mission business last quarter, we’ve doubled down on these efforts seeking to drive continuous improvement around supply chain, operations and program execution.
These areas will have been affected by the cumulative impact of operating during the pandemic, with the resulting program delays and related inefficiencies temporarily impacting margins. We believe these headwinds will diminish the supply chain and labor market conditions continue to improve, leading to market and expansion.
At the same time, we continue to focus on supply chain risk mitigation, working capital burned down and accelerated cash release. We believe that substantial cash will move off the balance sheets and supply chain related impacts on the business begin to unwind. Another initiative is R&D investment efficiency and returns. In addition on digital transformation ethics and engineering operations and the back office will help improve our cost structure and give us better productivity, scalability and efficiency over time. We’re also moving on our manufacturing facility footprint strategy. We consolidate our Mesa Arizona facility into the Phoenix site in Q2 and release two additional facilities as planned.
With that, I’d like to turn the call over to Mike. Mike?
Michael Ruppert
Thank you, Mark. And good afternoon again, everyone. Before I discuss our results, I do want to say a few words about my decision with Mercury. Mercury has been a big part of my life for the better part of a decade. Since I started at the company in 2014 we’ve grown the business organically, completed 15 acquisitions, and assembled a set of capabilities that uniquely positioned us in the defense industry. It’s been a tremendous opportunity to be Mercury’s CFO working alongside Mark and the rest of our talented leadership team during this time.
A few months ago, I was approached by a company that had recently been taken private, base closer to my home in Virginia. This is not something I sought out. But when the opportunity was presented to me, I felt at this point in my career, it was something I had to explore. There’s never a great time for a move like this, but I’m firmly committed to making this transition a success. Michelle and I have been in lockstep for years, and I’ve developed our finances team. So I know how much talent there is at Mercury.
I wouldn’t have made the decision to leave if I didn’t have complete competence in this team and then the company’s ability to enhance value for all shareholders, including me. To our investors and analysts it’s been a pleasure getting to know all of you over the years.
Now turning to Mercury’s results. As always, I’ll begin with our second quarter actuals and then move to our Q3 and fiscal ’23 guidance. As Mark discuss Mercury delivered revenue in line with guidance, returning to organic growth and generating positive cash flow in Q2. Demand continues to be strong as we entered the second half. Our 12 months backlog was up 34% compared to Q2 last year, and up 10% compared to last quarter, providing a solid visibility into the remainder of the year.
For fiscal ’23, we expect to deliver increased bookings versus fiscal ’22 a positive book to bill, a record $1 billion in revenues and positive organic growth. As Mark said we expect our performance to be heavily weighted to the fourth quarter. We believe that revenue is currently trending above the midpoint of our fiscal ’23 guidance while adjusted EBITDA is trending towards the low end as all discuss.
Demand remains strong supported by our position on well funded franchise programs. However, supply chain constraints, labor availability and inflation continue to contribute to program delays and inefficiencies. With the post pandemic impacts persisting through fiscal ’23 we’re experiencing shifts and high margin production programs, including FMS sales into Q4 and fiscal ’24 impacting Q3 and fiscal ’23 gross margin expansion as a result.
Slide 8 covers the bookings booked the bill backlog and revenue growth results that Mark discussed. What’s highlighted yet and is the large FMS program customer funding delay that had an impact of approximately $10 million on our Q2 revenue. Given the program’s high margin profile, it also impacted profitability by approximately $7 million resulting in the adjusted EBITDA guidance list for the quarter. This delay in customer funding reflects the nature of FMS contracting, which requires alignment between the U.S. government and the foreign government as well as our direct customers. There’s been an approved FMS deal to delay only relates to the award timing both our customer and Mercury.
We now expect this program in our fiscal ’24. As Mark mentioned, we expect us to have an approximate $20 million and $14 million revenue and adjusted EBITDA impact to fiscal ’23 respectively. Gross margins for the second quarter were down 430 basis points year-over-year. As we expected coming into the quarter gross margins reflected a higher proportion of lower margin development revenue as well as material, labor inflation year-over-year. Gross margins were slightly lower than expectations driven by the FMS delay which had an approximately 140 basis point impact on gross margins. Q2 gross margin was also impacted by an incremental depreciation expense and lower absorption in the quarter primarily due to our site consolidation efforts.
We expect to see higher gross margins in the second half of the fiscal year and especially in Q4. This is primarily a result of program mix chips due to the high margin FMF sale, as well as execution on several of our larger development programs taking a little longer than expected in the current environment. GAAP net loss was $10.9 million for the quarter, while adjusted EBITDA was $35.7 million down 6% from Q2 last year on lower gross margins. Our adjusted EBITDA margins were 15.5% for the quarter, down 180 basis points from 17.3% in Q2 fiscal ’22.
Again, the delay in the large FMS opportunity resulted in adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margins being below our guidance range. Have we received this contract, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margins would have exceeded our Q2 guidance. Free cash flow for the second quarter was an inflow of approximately $22 million, despite delays in payments from our customers at the end of their fiscal years. Delayed payment behavior across our customer base was partially offset by receivables factoring which we discussed last quarter.
Slide 9 presents Mercury’s balance sheet for the last five quarters. Our balance sheet remains strong with significant capacity under our $1.1 billion revolving credit facilities. Driven by the anticipated strong cash flow generation in H2 we expect to be well positioned to deliver the balance sheet while continuing to invest in business. We ended Q2 with cash and cash equivalents of $77 million and approximately $512 million of debt funded under our revolver. At current leverage levels the interest rate under the revolver is approximately 5%, which positions Mercury to continue to allocate capital at attractive rates. From a working capital perspective, we’ve invested approximately $240 million since fiscal ’21 potentially the start of the pandemic to support performance obligations to our customers and ensure delivery on critical programs. As these obligations are completed, we expect working capital especially unbilled receivables and inventory to convert to cash and decreased substantially as a percentage of annualized sales.
Turning to cash flow on Slide 10. Last quarter, we forecasted breakeven to slightly positive free cash flow Q2. Free cash flow for the quarter was $22 million. In Q2 we did see delays of approximately $30 million in receipts from bill receivables from our customers at the end of their fiscal years. These were partially offset through factoring 20 million of receivables. At this point in Q3, we have received the $30 million of delay payments from our customers. Given our fiscal year timing, we did not see any impact related to the R&D tax legislation in H1. But we’re now forecasting an impact in H2.
I will now turn to our financial guidance, starting with Q3 on Slide 11. Forecasting in the current environment remains challenging. Our guidance incorporates to the extent we can potential impacts associated with the ongoing supply chain constraints and material and labor inflation headwinds. As a result of the high margin FMS program moving into fiscal ’24 coupled with the headwinds contributing to program delays and inefficiencies H2 is more weighted to Q4 and Q3.
For Q3, we currently expect revenue in the range of $245 million to $260 million. At the midpoint this is approximately flat growth compared to the third quarter last year, although we remain cautious with regard to award timing, program execution and the current industry headwinds, we expect gross margin to increase gradually in Q3 and more dramatically in Q4 as we complete execution across several of our lower margin development contracts.
The revenue growth in H2 and especially Q4 is expected to be driven by higher margin production programs as well as license sales. We expect Q3 GAAP results to range from a net loss of $5.8 million to net income of $1 million. We expect adjusted EBITDA to be $40 million to $47 million, representing approximately 17% of revenue at the midpoint. And as I’ve said our Q3 adjusted EBITDA margin are being impacted by the delay in the FMS sale, as well as a higher proportion of development contracts.
I will now turn to our guidance for full year fiscal ’23 on Slide 12. The near term outlook across the industry remains far from certain. But the demand environment continues to be strong and it’s highlighted by our continued bookings momentum. Balancing these two dynamics will maintain our previous guidance for the year revenue and adjusted EBITDA.
From a total company revenue perspective, our guidance remains $1.01 billion to $1.0 5 billion in fiscal ’23. This represents 2% to 6% growth year-over-year and approximately flat to 4%. organic growth. Based on our current demand environment, despite the approximate $20 million slip in FMS revenue, we still expect to see fiscal ’23 revenue towards the high end of this range. GAAP net income for fiscal ’23 is expected to be in the range of $13.9 million to $24.8 million with GAAP EPS of $0.24 to $0.44 per share. The reduction at the low end and midpoint is a function of the incremental depreciation expense in the second quarter, partially offset by lower expected stock based compensation. We’re maintaining our fiscal ’23 adjusted EBITDA guidance range of $202.5 million to $215 million, up 1% to 7% from fiscal ’22. While we expect revenues at the high end of the range, we expect adjusted EBITDA to trend toward the lower end of the range. This is driven primarily by program mix including the FMS sale as well as supply chain related program delays and inefficiencies also impacting adjusted EBITDA margin. Adjusted EPS is expected to be in the range and $1.90 to $2.80 per share. The reduction from our prior guidance is also a function of the incremental depreciation expense in the second quarter. From a free cash flow perspective, we’re now targeting breakeven to slightly positive free cash flow for the year. This includes approximately 36 million of cash outflows related to R&D tax legislation in H2 which we’ve now incorporated into our guidance.
Turning to Slide 13. I want to briefly touch on Q4 which we expect to be a record quarter for Mercury across all key metrics. But we will not formally guide Q4 until next quarter. Based on H1 actuals and our Q3 and fiscal ’23 guidance, we can arrive at an implied forecast for the fourth quarter. Looking at the midpoints of our fiscal ’23 and Q3 guidance ranges, Q4 revenue at the midpoint would be approximately 320 million. This is an increase of approximately 11% from our record fourth quarter last year. Given our current backlog and anticipated bookings in Q3 we expect to enter Q4 with forward backlog coverage, which is the basis for our current guidance.
GAAP net income and GAAP EPS will be approximately $47 million and $0.83 per share respectively at the midpoint. Q4 adjusted EBITDA would be approximately 98 million and adjusted EBITDA margins would be approximately 31%. These results are driven by gross margin expansion, reflecting the mix weighted toward higher margin production programs and licensing revenues. We also expect adjusted EBITDA margin improvement as a result of the operating leverage we’ve created in the business. From a free cash flow perspective, we expect to see a strong rebound in Q4. We have a clear path to achieve our guidance.
With that, I’ll now turn the call back over to Mark.
Mark Aslett
Thanks, Mike. Turning now to Slide 14. Mercury delivered strong bookings in the second quarter. We returned to organic growth and generated positive cash flow and is still challenging environment. Demand is strong and getting stronger. Our robust H1 bookings, record backlog and substantial fall revenue coverage provide us with good visibility into the second half of fiscal ’23.
Timing, however, remains a risk in the short term as we win larger more complex subsystem deals. Given the impact of the delays associated with the FMS program, we have a larger fourth quarter than previously anticipated. We have a high level of confidence in our ability to recognize the associated revenue and margin in the first half of fiscal ’24 and as a result of the additional opportunities we’ve rotated into the plan, we’re maintaining our fiscal ’23 revenue and adjusted EBITDA guidance. As I said earlier, while revenue is trending above the midpoint, adjusted EBITDA is likely to come in towards the low end of guidance as a result of next and supply chain driven program delays and inefficiencies. To the year we expected a lot of strong bookings waiting toward Q4. We expect the positive book to bill and return to organic growth, with revenue eclipsing 1 billion for the first time. It should position us well for fiscal ’24 as a supply chain conditions begin to normalize. We expect to deliver strong organic growth, margin expansion and improved cash flows is released working capital, all of which should position us for further growth and value creation in future years. That said, the potential for disruption around the GFY ’24 budget and the timing and level of a defense appropriation presents additional risk. Looking further ahead, our outlook to the next five years remained strong. We expect increased defense spending domestically and internationally.
We are well-positioned strategically in the right part of the market but the right capabilities on the right programs. We believe that Mercury can and will grow organically its high single digits to low double digit rates. In addition to organic and M&A related growth our five year plan includes margin expansion, driven by better execution as the industry headwinds subside, improved program and content mix as well as impact. It should lead to stronger profitability as well as improved working capital efficiency and cash conversion. For more than a decade, we’ve successfully executed on our longer term strategy.
We’ve improved margins by growing the business organically supplemented with disciplined M&A and full integration. As a result, we’ve created significant value for our shareholders and expect to continue doing so. In closing, I’d like to recognize the Mercury team’s commitment to our success and strong performance in the second quarter. Our sincere thanks to all of you.
Before we turn it over to Q&A, I ask you please keep your questions focused on our earnings results. With that, operator, please proceed with the Q&A.
Question-and-Answer Session
Operator
Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Peter Arment with Baird. Your line is now open.
Peter Arment
Yes. Good afternoon, Mark and Mike. The impact program that you’ve talked about quite a bit about on this call and previous calls, I think you’ve targeted net savings to be $30 million to $50 million when you look out to fiscal ’25. Just wondering where that stands today. I know that you achieve to at least $22 million in your first fiscal year. Can that still grow just given all the efforts you’ve done? And then just as the follow up, I’ll ask and now just your confidence around kind of is there much FMS mixed in the fourth quarter that could also slide out just given the kind of the impacts that you’ve had from customer shifts? Thanks.
Mark Aslett
So thanks for the question, Peter. So I think we’re absolutely on target for the impact savings. I think the program’s doing extremely well. If anything, we’re probably slightly ahead of schedule compared to where we thought we were going to be at this point in time. Unfortunately, I think a lot of the efforts and the results that we’ve delivered, aren’t really showing up in our financials right now because they are simply offsetting some of the headwinds that we’re facing, but the programs are on track and we think there’s substantial upside associated with it going forward.
As it relates to FMS, we do have some FMS in the fourth quarter, that as we rotated and the $20 million of revenue and $14 million of margin from Q2 and Q3 yes we were working with the customer able to rotate in additional revenue that partially offset some of the shortfall due to the delay in funding. So yes there is on revenue in the fourth quarter, I’d be coming up the number off the top of my head. Mike do you?
Michael Ruppert
It’s not something we break out specifically. But I would say, Peter, that the magnitude of the revenue we have is much lower than the $20 million of revenue and 14 million of gross margin that slipped out.
Peter Arment
Appreciate color. Thanks.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Seth Seifman with JPMorgan. Your line is now open.
Seth Seifman
Thanks very much. Good evening, guys. I guess, just on the topic of the availability of semiconductors and chips, I guess I’m wondering kind of what makes that take until the second half of year ’24. We saw Intel’s results last week, it seems like demand in the digital economy is really drying up. And you would think that maybe that would free up capacity more quickly for the defense industry. Or what makes that takes a long?
Mark Aslett
Yes. So first of all, I think based upon the feedback that we’re getting, specifically from some of those semiconductor companies based upon what they think is going to happen in terms of the capacity and their ability to supply. We did see some incremental improvements, Seth in the second quarter and last quarter, we were talking that the semiconductor lead times on the high end, in particular, the stuff that’s coming out of TSMC, and have some of the high end Intel processing, the lead times were 52 to 99 weeks. This quarter, we did see the average come down 36 to 72 weeks. So it’s still extremely long and far longer than what we saw pre-pandemic, which is in the 10 to 12 week range. So we are please see the improvement and see the average coming down, but it’s still got a long way to go.
Seth Seifman
All right. Okay. Thanks. And then, just as a follow up, when we look at the data that comes out in the filing, about the sales breakdown between different types of products, different customers, is there anything there that offers a little bit more insight into the gross margin, compression that we’ve seen, whether it’s I mean, last quarter, kind of, we only have it as of the, I guess, as of the September quarter so far but fewer sales into radar applications I guess, fewer sales into components more sales to lock it, as we look through these different categories, is there anything about the mix that’s changing, that we can be aware of in terms of thinking about the gross margin and the profitability of different types of sales?
Mark Aslett
Not specifically the macro levels Seth. I think, if anything, what we are seeing is just the cumulative effects of operating under the pandemic and the delays that we’ve seen on programs and resulting inefficiencies. So things are taking longer. We’ve seen cost growth, and that clearly, is what is impacting the margin. As we look forward as we’ve said, is more of these programs kind of get out of the development phase and into production we’ll start to see some mix shifts and some margin improvements there, coupled with some probably better efficiencies and supply chain. So less of a headwind, and then continued balance from impact is really what’s going to drive the margins as we go forward. So I don’t know, Mike, if you’d like to add anything to that?
Mike Ruppert
No, I mean, that you’ll see the detail when the cue comes out in terms of subsystems components modules, I think what Mark said is correct, it’s going to be not going to see anything there significant that’s going to stand out as the driver of the margin degradation. It really is, these new programs starts that we’ve talked about, as the development programs transition over time to production, they’re just taking a little longer in this environment. And then we expect that to transition in fiscal ’24. So nothing’s specifically going to in the cue, more just around the trend. Is that we’re expecting in Q4 and in fiscal ’24.
Michael Ruppert
Obviously Seth the FMS program that moved. That was pretty high margin based upon the capabilities that we’re providing that includes IP licenses and royalties. And we do see a pickup of that as we’re going into the second half as well. So the mix here in terms of capabilities, and the programs really do matter. And it’s unfortunate that the customer has this funding delay that move the $20 million in revenue and $14 million out of the year.
Seth Seifman
Okay, thank you very much.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Ken Herbert with RBC. Your line is now open.
Ken Herbert
Hey Mark and Mike. I wanted to ask Mark on the free cash flow guidance I’m sorry, if I missed it. But as you think about sort of breakeven, a slightly positive call it $60 million in the second half of the year. How does that split between the third and fourth quarter? Or what’s the guidance implied for the cadence of cash in the second half of the year?
Mike Ruppert
Yes. Ken I’ll take that one, it’s Mike. So when we look at the second half, it is going to be more weighted to Q4. We think Q3 prior to the R&D tax and I’ll give you the split between those between Q3 and Q4 but prior to the R&D tax payments, we think Q3 is going to look a lot like Q2 which we expected coming in, prior to factoring to be breakeven to slightly positive. And that’s what we’re seeing in Q3 right now. Now, that’s pre the R&D tax payment, which we estimate it’s going to be $23 million in Q3, it’s going to be 13 million in Q4 to get to the $36 million that we mentioned in the prepared remarks. So what we’re looking at is a free cash outflow in Q3 and the magnitude of $20 million. And Q4 is going to make up the difference, as we see the higher net income, higher up income. And we actually expect working capital in Q4 to release especially in unbilled and inventory, which is driving the cash flow for the year.
Ken Herbert
Yes, that’s helpful. Thanks, Mike. And it sounds like for cash earnings, or cash and earnings, obviously a pretty significant ramp in the fourth quarter. Is there any program you’d specifically call out maybe around progress payments or anything like that, that we should keep in mind as significant or material swing factors in the fourth quarter or they could either be potential risk or that are obviously embedded in what’s going to help sort of hit the full year number seems like a pretty aggressive ramp in the fourth quarter.
Mark Aslett
Yes. Go ahead Mike. Go ahead.
Mike Ruppert
I was just going to say it is definitely a large quarter Ken we do feel good. The good news, as we look at it is we have good backlog coverage right now going into two H2, and into Q4. We’ve got good visibility into the programs that aren’t in backlog that make up the balance of our FY ’23 and specifically the Q4. So we’re entering with strong backlog coverage of majority the remaining are recurring programs, programs for which were designed in on. We also have and I think Mark touched on it briefly, we have improved visibility and coordination into the supply chain than we had in H1. So still risk around it, but we feel better about it.
And then we’ve got line of sight into some key execution milestones that drive revenue in Q4 on a couple of key programs. So there’s still uncertainty in the environment supply chain, contracting delays, things that we’ve talked about. We’re working to control what we can, but overall we feel good about the demand environment in the program’s we’re just cautious on items that are out of our control. And just from a profitability perspective, we obviously expect margin expansion in Q4 and that’s going to drive cash flow as well.
Yes, okay. Just following up this kind of [applied]things right. So the higher margin program mix in the second half as we talked — we do have a pickup in high margin IP licenses and some royalties on various programs. We are anticipating fewer execution delays and some inefficiencies. We saw supply chain and would say improve incrementally in the second quarter. And so as the condition stabilized and as hiring continues to pick up, I think we got fewer headwinds there.
Impact, I think continues here. We’ve got continued savings relating to our pricing initiatives that we undertook early in the year. We’ve got some procurement savings. And this quarter, we had some facility footprint consolidation. We’ve got further consolidation in Q3 that will lead to savings. And then finally just obviously, better absorption and better overhead and leverage, largely as a result of the higher revenue. So although it’s a big quarter, I think we’ve done the work and we know what’s going to drive the increase.
Ken Herbert
Great, thank you for all the color.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Jonathan Ho with William Blair. Your line is now open.
Jonathan Ho
Hi, good afternoon. Just wanted to start out with some of the delayed payments that you were seeing from your customers. Are you seeing that behavior maybe persist? Or are you sort of building that into your guidance just given some of the challenges around cash flow management that everybody’s sort of facing?
Mark Aslett
Sure, Jonathan. We saw it a little bit in Q1. We talked about it on the Q1 earnings call, we saw a little bit more of it in Q2. Now remember our fiscal Q2 is our customers’ year end. So we did see them managing receivables to us, at the end of the quarter and as we mentioned, is about 30 million that we saw, held that was due for us in the quarter. We’ve received all of that already in Q3. So it was just a couple of weeks or less than a week delay as they straddle their fiscal and calendar years. Going forward, I think we’ve got a really good group of customers that normally pay on time. And so we’re managing that with them. We also put in the factoring facility that I mentioned, and we use it exactly for this reason, Jonathan, which was a tool that we have, that’s a very low cost of financing to us, in order to mitigate the impacts on our cash flow statement in our financials, because of our customer behavior. So we feel good that we’re in a position to manage it from an organic standpoint, but we also have a tool in the factoring facility, should we need to use it, should we see this behavior continue.
Jonathan Ho
Got it. Got it. That’s helpful. And then in terms of some of the pricing actions that you’ve taken how should we be thinking about, like the timing, and sort of the magnitude of how that flows through like, I know, there’s a variety of different actions across both the pricing of services as well as products, but any color would be helpful, thank you.
Mark Aslett
So pricing has obviously been a one of the major elements of the impact program. And so we stood up a pricing center of excellence, to try and drive strategic pricing and best practices in both pricing and cost estimation, depending upon the part of the business. In the commercial portfolio I think the team’s done a really good job. And we’re actually offsetting a significant amount of the inflationary pressures that we’re seeing on the semiconductor side of things. So focus on value based pricing. We’re looking at the discount and the quotes validity.
And I think, as I mentioned, on the last call, we did do and across the board, price increase on our commercial products at the start of the year, that is really the major driver of offsetting the inflation pressures that we see there. On the non-commercial portfolio it’s slightly different right here. It’s largely some of the cost disclosure type of the the business. Here we’re really mainly focused on wherever we possibly can, passing through both material and the labor inflation costs that we see as well as trying to do a better job in monitoring the scope creep with customers and monetizing those, as well.
Now depending upon the type of contract and what’s already in backlog the ability to be able to pass through those costs obviously there could be a time difference there. But I think overall, the team’s doing a pretty good job. I think the inflationary headwinds with the work that we’ve done, aren’t as detrimental to what we thought they could be coming into the year. Mike do you like to add anything?
Mike Ruppert
No. You got it.
Jonathan Ho
Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Sheila Kahyaoglu with Jefferies. Your line is now open.
Sheila Kahyaoglu
Thanks. Good evening, Mark. And, Mike, thank you for the time. So it seems like there’s a lot going on Mark, just both externally with the board and internally. Maybe can you just talk to us about how you’re balancing all the internal factors and what you’re most focused on now in terms of the business? Is it just ensuring the sales come through its supply chain? If you could talk to us a little bit about that? You mentioned R&D as well.
Mark Aslett
Sure. So it’s a good question. So I think the demand environment continues to be strong. So we’re still very, very focused on the top line. So bookings, as we said, were up 14%, year-over-year. We’ve had a 1.18 of the bill in the quarter and 1.16, over the last 12 months growing backlog 17% which gives us pretty good confidence and coverage along with the bookings that we expect in Q3 and Q4.
So clearly, what the team is very focused on right now is the execution in the second half. It was unfortunate that we saw those FMS delays which has made the year more back end loaded. But we did talk about the coverage that we’ve got which is far higher than what we had coming into the second half last fiscal year.
So we’ll continue to focus on mitigating the supply chain and the semiconductor lead times which continues to be a challenge, albeit incrementally improved. Hiring, I think is better for the third quarter in a row. We are actually hiring more people than leaving and so. But we still got open wrecks along with the rest of the industry. And it’s important for us to continue to fill those positions as we’re looking at the growth in the business going forward.
So I would say that the team is very focused on just execution, focus on growing the business and focusing on continuing to deal with the cumulative effects of the pandemic, Sheila.
Sheila Kahyaoglu
Sure, no, that’s helpful. And if I could follow up, I don’t know if you mentioned this in the answer that question, the FMS sale that slipped out, you said was $20 million of sales and 14 million of earnings associated with it. Was that right?
Mark Aslett
That’s correct. Yes. 10 million in Q2 and the same in Q3.
Sheila Kahyaoglu
Okay, so that’s a pretty high margin contracts in terms of thinking about that.
Mark Aslett
It is. So it’s a mix of capabilities. So again, there’s hardware associated with it. But based upon the capabilities that is also revenues and royalties.
Sheila Kahyaoglu
Okay, thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Michael Ciarmoli with Truist Securities. Your line is now open.
Michael Ciarmoli
Hey, good evening, guys. Thanks for taking the questions here. Kind of staying on what Sheila was asking with kind of internal external lot going on. Just I guess more, labor’s been tight. To begin with? How do you think about managing talent right now? Talent loss? And doesn’t this potential announcement of strategic alternatives? I mean, can’t that add the disruption and kind of take employees off the ball focusing on execution so how do you kind of think about managing that risk right now?
Mark Aslett
Yes. So I mean, look, it’s a possibility, obviously, with just what we are now. But I do think that we’ve got a fair amount of hiring momentum inside of the company. I think there’s obviously a lot of growth ahead of us and I think we’re a great company to work for. So I don’t see nothing thoroughly at a major challenge with respect to sort of retention, only attraction side of things I think we’re really focused on two areas. One is on the direct labor side of things. And I don’t really believe that the announcements that we made this morning, sorry, this afternoon around here the potential process will have an impact there.
Probably the more challenging areas on the engineering side. But again I think we’ve got a great employee value proposition. And I feel pretty confident just based upon the momentum that we’re going to be able to do actually make the highest that we need.
Michael Ciarmoli
Got it. Got it. And it just to follow up entirely separate. You guys have obviously, you talked about the demand environment, we’ve seen a very strong book to Bill, the last several quarters. How are you thinking about the bookings environment over the back half of the year, especially now with a budget in place?
Mark Aslett
Yes. So I think we’re expecting, again, strong bookings sequentially H2 over H1, Mike, I think just with some of the reasons chips falling anymore the growth in the fourth quarter, just given some of the movements that we’ve seen but we’re expecting strong growth year-over-year with a positive book to bill. So I think this is not a demand issue. Obviously, the demand environment is very strong. If anything, these are kind of short term timing issues, and really a result of the cumulative effects of the pandemic.
Michael Ciarmoli
Got it. Then to be clear, you think you can do that 600, almost 30 million and booking second half last year, you think you guys can do better than that, what you’re saying.
Mark Aslett
So this year, if you look at H1 was far stronger than the prior year. So the waiting of bookings was far more balanced. So for the year, we do expect bookings to be up substantially just given the waiting H1, H2, I think it’s really more of a sequential story than it is year-over-year in H2.
Michael Ciarmoli
Got it. Helpful. Thanks, guys.
Mark Aslett
Yes, thanks, Mike.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Austin Moeller with Canaccord. Your line is now open.
Austin Moeller
Hi, good afternoon, Mark, and Mike.
Mark Aslett
Hey, Austin, how are you?
Austin Moeller
Doing great. Just so my first question here, if we just stay on the topic of the supply chain, if we do continue to see lead times come down I mean, I know it was sort of an incremental improvement in the second quarter, but it’s still notable. Do you expect you’re going to be reducing inventory stockpiling if lead times continue to fall? And do you expect as we go into potentially a recession here, that materials costs might come down from Mercury?
Speaker
Mike, you take the first and I will take the second one.
Michael Ruppert
Yes. So with regards to the balance sheet, Austin, as the supply chain normalizes, as we’ve discussed, we do expect to see an unlined inventory and an increase in inventory turns that also has been impacting our unbilled receivables, where we’ve been unable to deliver in some circumstances, because of long lead times or even a shortage of parts. And once that normalizes we expect both those accounts inventory and unbilled decrease, which is why we think there’s stronger cash flow in Q4 but really adding into fiscal ’24. As things begin to normalize, we expect that there should be a significant reduction in working capital again, once that supply chain normalizes.
Austin Moeller
And then on the semiconductor side of things, clearly, I think part of the semiconductor marketplace is rolled over on the lower end, largely as a result of what is going on on the consumer electronics side of things. The high end, as I mentioned, is still although it’s softened somewhat from a lead time, it’s come down a little bit on average, it’s still far longer than what it was pre-pandemic. And so we haven’t seen much movement there at all in fact, if anything, the prices are going the other way still. The high end semiconductors and seeing price increases from Intel, from Xilinx, from analog devices. And so the high end is still pricing is still pretty challenging. On the lowest on the lower end side of things we have been able to negotiate better pricing in some parts of the market. But it’s still pretty challenging out there Austin.
Austin Moeller
Okay, and then just a follow up on that. I think you said in the remarks, you’re sort of anticipating improvement in lead times in the second half of fiscal year ’24. What are you seeing on the year end that gives you confidence in that? Is that what’s been communicated to you from TSMC and Intel? Or how should we think about the timing there?
Mark Aslett
Yes. So we’re obviously not in contact with TSMC directly, it’s we’re dealing with the companies whose chips are actually fogged in the TSMC facility, as well as other facilities offshore from various other companies. And so the 36 to 72, we believe times that they mentioned is, what we are seeing right now, with respect to the POC that we’ve got on the high end is semiconductors. And so these are the logic devices, the FPGAs that go into many of our processing systems. And so we’re getting the input from our suppliers as to what they’re seeing. And now we’ll see what happens. If things continue. Hopefully, they continue to come down.
Austin Moeller
Okay, great. Thanks for diving into the details there.
Mark Aslett
Thanks, Austin.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Noah Poponak with Goldman Sachs. Your line is now open.
Noah Poponak
Hey, good evening, everyone. And, Mike, thanks for spending time with us and working with us over the years and all the best going forward.
Michael Ruppert
Thanks Noah.
Noah Poponak
It’s been a funky year and a half or two years. If I kind of zoom out and try to sort of recalibrate for it. The top line actually never really got that bad. There is kind of three distinct quarters where the revenue decline is a little more severe and then a few where it’s really actually not that severe. And that’s kind of it. Relative to that, the margin change is more significant and pretty volatile in the year. And then the cash flow changes is very significant. And working capital, in particular, I guess, how do I square all of that, when you kind of look back at this 18 to 24 months window why does the profitability and the cash flow so much more volatile than the top line?
Mark Aslett
Sure. So I think it’s a good question. So it has been a few years and each year has been slightly different in terms of the impact and so bookings, bottomed out, I think in the third quarter of fiscal year ’21, organic growth actually bottomed out this quarter. We had 1%, organic growth in Q2 versus 13% decline. So we’ve got various metrics beginning to head in the right direction. If you look at the margin profile, it’s really I think, it’s a result of kind of what’s happened a little bit with respect to linearity.
So over the course of the pandemic is lead times dramatically increased. And as we started to see just the perturbations in the supply chain in terms of supply decommits, it obviously created a push more of the business into H2 which obviously had an impact on margins in the first part and then you’ve got the general inefficiencies associated with just the impacts that we’ve been facing.
So the margin, pressure is pretty much all related to the pandemic and the effects associated with that. There is nothing underlying the business. And if anything, I think as we look forward as a result of the shift from development into production, build the mix, as well as the ongoing benefits of impact, we see substantial opportunities for margin growth.
And then the cash flow, I think as you know, is very much tied up with the balance sheet again as the supply chain conditions became far more challenging as lead times actually increased we ended up leveraging the balance sheet to make sure that wherever possible, we could meet our customer commitments on an inventory side and then again on the unbilled side of things that’s where we saw the effects of part shortages which type working capital off in unbilled. So ultimately cash collects everything. And that’s where we saw the greatest ball tilting. Mike, if you want to jump in there?
Michael Ruppert
No, I think that’s, I think Mark hit it. I mean, just given some numbers, if you look back, and just starting with adjusted EBITDA measuring profitability, a look back fiscal ’19, ’20, and ’21, were all around 22% became into fiscal ’22, we dropped down to 20%. I think we’ve talked about publicly that we had about 70 basis points or so as a result of supply chain inflation. You look at fiscal ’23 and were our guide is 20.3% at the midpoint and probably have a similar 70 basis point inflation impact.
So those two would put you at 21%. And the reduction there from 22%, from ’19 to ’21, down to ’21, and ’22 and ’23 is really a result of the development programs that we’ve talked about. And so as Mark said, when we look at EBITDA margins going forward, and we’ll guide fiscal ’24 when we get to our Q4 but we do see the opportunity for EBITDA margin expansion.
So I don’t think anything’s fundamentally changed in the business from a profitability perspective. When you look at gross margins, there’s a lot more movements as you know. We had COVID expenses in fiscal ’21 running through our gross margins. We’ve had some movements between development programs and production on a quarterly basis. We’ve had the physical optics acquisition, which impacted gross margins and then again on a quarterly basis, things like this FMS sale, our program mix, makes, creates some volatility. But again, going to EBITDA, looking at over the long term, couple of key metrics and we think the profitability the business structurally is the same with opportunity for upside in fiscal ’24 and beyond.
Noah Poponak
Okay, I’ll leave it there. Appreciate the color. Thank you.
Operator
Mr. Aslett it appears there are no further questions. Therefore, I’d like to turn the call back over to you for any closing remarks.
Mark Aslett
Okay. Well, thank you very much for taking the time to join us this evening. Lots of news from Mercury. Now we look forward to speaking to you again next quarter. Thank you.
Operator
This concludes today’s conference call. Thank you for attending. You may now disconnect.
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